ASPE Research Brief Page 5
ASPE Office of Health Policy October 2016
premiums are increasing more than they have the past two years. Through 2016, Marketplace
rates remained below initial projections from the independent Congressional Budget Office, and
below the cost of comparable coverage in the employer market. This year, with two years of
cost data available, issuers are adjusting their premiums to bring them in line with costs. In
addition, some of the ACA’s programs designed to support the new market in its early years are
ending this year, putting transitory upward pressure on premium growth.
Under the ACA, people can no longer be denied coverage because they have a pre-existing
condition, a crucial reform for up to 129 million Americans with conditions like asthma,
diabetes, or heart disease. But because excluding people with pre-existing conditions was
previously allowed in the individual market, there were no data available on how much it would
cost to extend coverage to everyone, and many issuers’ initial premiums were below actual costs.
Notably, Marketplace rates through 2016 remained 12 to 20 percent below initial projections
from the independent Congressional Budget Office.
,
In addition, Urban Institute researchers
recently found that 2016 Marketplace premiums were well below premiums for comparable
employer coverage.
Even with this year’s increases, Marketplace premiums in 2017 will still be
roughly in line with the projections by the Congressional Budget Office. (See Appendix C for a
detailed discussion.)
Table 6, in Appendix A, shows the estimated increase in the average second-lowest cost silver
plan by state. (The second-lowest cost silver plan is significant because it provides the
benchmark by which tax credits are calculated.) Across states using the HealthCare.gov
platform, the median increase in the second-lowest cost silver plan premium is 16 percent, while
the average increase is 25 percent.
,
See Table 2 (See Table 13 in Appendix A for information
by select cities and counties).
Levitt, L., Cox, C., & Claxton, G, “How ACA Marketplace Premiums Measure Up to Expectations,” Kaiser
Family Foundation, August 1, 2016, available at: http://kff.org/health-reform/perspective/how-aca-marketplace-
premiums-measure-up-to-expectations/.
Adler, L. & Ginsburg, P. B., “Obamacare Premiums Are Lower Than You Think,” The Brookings Institution, July
21, 2016, available at: http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2016/07/21/obamacare-premiums-are-lower-than-you-think/.
Blumberg, L., Holahan, F., & Wengle, E, “Are Nongroup Marketplace Premiums Really High? Not in Comparison
with Employer Insurance,” Urban Institute, September 2016, available at
http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/2000931-are-nongroup-marketplace-premiums-really-high-not-in-
comparison-with-employer-insurance.pdf.
There are 39 states using the HealthCare.gov platform for the 2017 plan year. Kentucky is new to the
HealthCare.gov platform for 2017 and is not included in the HealthCare.gov states average or median.
This brief closely follows the actual methodology used to determine the benchmark for advanced premium tax
credits (APTC) and enrollees’ APTC amount. For the purposes of calculating the APTC, a second-lowest cost silver
plan for a specific taxpayer is identified based on what is available to the taxpayer at the time of enrollment, in the
taxpayer’s geographical area. In this brief for analytic purposes, at times we use the term “benchmark plan” to refer
to the second-lowest cost silver plan in a county, which may not be the benchmark plan for all individual consumers.
This brief identifies the second-lowest cost silver benchmark plan based on the portion of the premium that covers
essential health benefits (EHB), which may be less than the full premium price charged by issuers. For more details
on how benchmark premiums are calculated, see the “Methodology and Limitations” section at the end of this brief.