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2
77.740
77.805
77.640
Mean Ca
+2
mg, unknown
77.73
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Eggshell solution:
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Vol. titrated, mL
25.00
25.00
25.00
Vol. EDTA, mL
18.47
19.55
19.58
Ca
+2
mg, aliquot
3
7.5653
7.5795
7.5880
Ca
+2
mg, solution
4
75.6523
75.795
75.880
% Ca
+2
, eggshell
5
37.883
37.954
37.997
Avg % Ca
+2
, eggshell
37.94
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