KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers i
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers i
TR ANSPORTATION CABINET
Frankfort, Kentucky 40622
www.
Transportation.ky.gov/
Steven L. Beshear
Michael W. Hancock, P.E.
Governor
Secretary
Dear Parents and Guardians:
The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet believes very strongly in educating our teenagers on
driver safety. We are committed to increasing driver safety awareness through our many
initiatives, which include: school programs, brochures, media campaigns, interactive online
programs as well as our four hour graduated license program - which is required for new
teenage drivers.
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among teenagers. Currently, teens
comprise 0.6 percent of Kentucky‟s driving population, but were involved in 15 percent of all
traffic fatalities and 20 percent of total collisions. Being not only servants of the Commonwealth,
but citizens as well, we have friends and family just like you. We understand just how valuable
each young person‟s life is to all of us. We must and will continue to make every effort to ensure
our young people are educated about safe driving practices with all methods that we possess.
This manual will provide you, the parent, with a tool to assist, communicate and demonstrate
safe driving methods to your children. We will remain aggressive in educating all Kentuckians,
both new drivers as well as seasoned drivers, on the best methods to drive safely on our
highways. Working together we can make a difference and save lives, because one life lost is
one too many.
Buckle up and drive smart Kentucky!
Department of Driver Licensing
200 Mero St.
Frankfort, KY 40622
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 1
Summary of Kentucky's Graduated Licensing Law
(Effective 10/1/2006)
Permit Phase
1. Applicants must be at least 16 years of age to apply for a driving permit.
2. A parent or guardian must sign the permit application for applicants under the age
of 18, taking responsibility for the applicant.
3. Applicant must successfully pass the written permit examination and the vision test
to be
issued a permit.
4. Applicants under the age of 21 must hold the driving permit for a minimum of 180
days. Applicants over the age of 21 must hold the driving permit for a minimum of
30 days.
5. Permit holders must drive with licensed driver over 21 years old accompanying them
in the front passenger seat. (Must complete a minimum of 60 hours of practice driving,
10 of which must occur at night.)
6. Permit holders under the age of 18 are not allowed to drive between the hours of 12
midnight and 6 a.m. unless the driver can demonstrate a good cause for driving such as
emergencies,
school or work related activities.
7. Drivers receiving a moving traffic violation conviction under KRS 186, 189, 189A. will
have to
restart the 180 day Permit waiting period.
8. Permit holders shall not operate a motor vehicle at any time with more than 1
unrelated person under 20 years of age in the vehicle.
9. Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is prohibited. All drivers under the age
of 21
are subject to "Zero Alcohol Tolerance” (Defined as.02 Blood Alcohol
Concentration).
10. All drivers are subject to Kentucky‟s point system. A driver under the age of 18 who
accumulates more than 6 points, or a driver age 18 and over who accumulates 12 points
may
have their driving privilege suspended.
11. No serious moving violations for those under the age of 18.
12. Buckle Up, it's the Law! Everyone in the vehicle must wear a seatbelt at all times.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 2
Intermediate License Phase
1. When applying for an Intermediate License the driver's Parent/Guardian must
certify the driver has completed 60 hours of practice driving, 10 of which must
occur at night.
2. Drivers who receive a permit before 18 years of age who have successfully completed
the permit phase must pass the driving skills test to be issued an intermediate license.
After successfully completing the road test the Kentucky State Police driving examiner
will place an "Intermediate License" sticker on the drivers permit.
3. Drivers who receive a permit when 18 years of age or older do not have to complete
the Intermediate License phase and may apply for a full unrestricted driver license
4. Intermediate License holders under the age of 18 are not allowed to drive between the
hours
of 12 midnight and 6 a.m. unless the driver can demonstrate a good cause for
driving such as
emergencies, school or work related activities.
5.
Passenger restriction
-
limit 1 unrelated person under 20 years of age (secondary
offense)
6. Drivers receiving a moving traffic conviction under KRS 186, 189, 189A.will have to
restart the 180 day Intermediate License waiting period.
7.
Intermediate license holders must complete one of the following New Driver
Education
Programs before moving to the next licensing phase:
Graduated Licensing Course (Free 4 hour course provided by the Kentucky
Transportation Cabinet in the drivers home county)
High School Drivers Education Course or a similar course offered by a Kentucky
Community College, Vocational School or Job Corps.
Private Driver Training course at a Division of Driver License approved driver
training school.
8. Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is prohibited. All drivers under the age
of 21
are subject to "Zero Alcohol Tolerance” (Defined as.02 Blood Alcohol
Concentration).
9.
A driver under the age of 18 who accumulates more than 6 points may have their
driving privilege suspended.
10. No serious moving violations for those under the age of 18.
11. Buckle Up, it's the Law! Everyone in the vehicle must wear a seatbelt at all times.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 3
Full-Unrestricted Driver License Phase
1. Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is prohibited. All drivers under the age of 21
are subject to "Zero Alcohol Tolerance” (Defined as.02 Blood Alcohol Concentration).
2. All drivers are subject to Kentucky's point system. A driver under the age of 18 who
accumulates more than 6 points, or a driver age 18 and over who accumulates 12 points may
have their driving privilege suspended.
3. Buckle Up, it's the Law! Everyone in the vehicle must wear a seatbelt at all times.
For More Information Contact:
Division of Driver Licensing
200 Mero Street
Frankfort, KY 40622
PH. (502) 564-1257
http://drlic.kytc.ky.gov
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 4
Resources
Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
www.transportation.ky.gov
Division of Driver Licensing
www.transportation.ky.gov/drlic
Division of Driver Safety
www.transportation.ky.gov/drvsmrt
Division of Motor Vehicle Licensing
www.transportation.ky.gov/mvl/
Federal Highway Administration
www.fhwa.dot.gov
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
www.nhtsa.dot.gov
Mothers Against Drunk Driving
www.madd.org
American Automobile Association
www.aaa.com
National SAFE KIDS
www.safekids.org
Kentucky Injury Prevention & Research Center
WW-
www.kiprc.uky.edu/
Kentucky Crime Prevention Center
www.kycrimeprevention.com
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
www.highwaysafety.org
National Safety Council
www.nsc.org/issues/drivsafe.htm
Drive Safer America
www.drivesaferamerica.org
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 5
Kentucky Driver Point System
Under Kentucky's Driver Point System, a driver starts with zero points and accumulates points for
various offenses. Upon the accumulation of 12 points (7 points if under age eighteen) within a two
year period, a driver's privilege to operate a motor vehicle may be
suspended.
Points
Violation
0
10 mph or less over speed limit on limited access highway
3
11-15 mph over speed limit on limited access highway
3
15 mph over or less over speed limit on any non-limited access highway
3
15 mph over speed limit in CMV (commercial motor vehicle)
0
15 mph or more in CMV (out-of-state conviction-listed as a serious offense
only-no points)
6
16-25 mph over speed limit on any road or highway
Hearing-Possible
Suspension
26 mph over speed limit on any road or highway
Hearing-Possible
Suspension
Attempting to elude police officer
Hearing-Possible
Suspension
Racing
6
Commission of moving hazardous violation involving an accident
6
Combination of any two or more moving hazardous violations in any one
continuous occurrence
6
Failure to stop for a school or church bus
5
Improper passing
4
Reckless driving
4
Following too closely
4
Driving on wrong side of roadway
4
Changing drivers in a moving vehicle
4
Vehicle not under control
4
Failure to yield to emergency vehicle
3
Stop violation (electric signal, railroad crossing, stop sign)
3
Failure to yield
3
Wrong way on one-way street
3
Too fast for conditions
3
Too slow for conditions
3
Improper driving
3
Improper start
3
Improper turn
3
Failure to illuminate headlights
3
Careless Driving
3
Failure to dim headlights
3
Improper lane usage
3
Improper use left lane/limited access highway
3
Failure to comply with instructional permit requirements/regulations
3
Failure to yield right-of-way to funeral procession
3
Any other moving hazardous violation
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 6
Driving Manual Contents
WHEN YOU AND YOUR STUDENT START PRACTICING LESSON PLAN
PRACTICE SESSIONS
PART I - FUNDAMENTALS FOR PARENTS
Help Teaching Your Teen Rules Of The
Road
Ready-Set
The Newness of It All
The Watchful Eye
Plain Speaking
Practice Makes Perfect
PART II - WHAT, WHERE AND HOW TO PRACTICE THE BASICS OF
DRIVING
Observing
Following Distance
Speed
Control
Maintaining Space
Communicating with Other Drivers
Turnabout
Backing up
Parking
PART III -COACHING THE NEWLY LICENSED DRIVER
Practice, Practice, Practice
Night
Driving Expressway/Interstate Driving
Driving in Bad Weather
Emergencies
PART IV -SUMMING IT ALL UP
After The New Driver Receives A License - Supervise! Supervise! Be a Good
Role Model
Let's Talk About Alcohol and Drugs
Under 21 -Zero Alcohol Tolerance
Cell Phones
Headphones/ Earphones
IS YOUR TEENAGER READY FOR A LICENSE?
WHERE TO APPLY FOR A LICENSE
SAFE DRIVER CHECKLIST
PRACTICE DRIVING LOG
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 7
WHEN YOU AND YOUR STUDENT START PRACTICING
Take this handbook along.
At first, practice only during the day.
Do not hold practice sessions in bad weather until the student has completed in-car instruction
in school.
Before starting the engine, have your new driver:
-adjust the seat if necessary
-make sure mirrors are adjusted
-fasten the safety belt.
Practice in a quiet area during the first lesson or two.
Be familiar with the practice area and any hazards, signs or signals.
Be patient, sympathetic and understanding.
Keep your voice calm.
Stop practicing when your teenager becomes tired or upset.
Sit in a position where you can grab the steering wheel or step on the brake, if necessary.
Before turning off the ignition during an emergency in a moving vehicle, consider that this will
lock the steering wheel on many vehicles and affects power steering and power brakes.
If you see a bad traffic situation ahead (one your student can't handle), pull over and stop.
Until your student has learned the traffic rules and how to control the car, practice in a vehicle
with an automatic transmission, if possible, because it is easier to drive.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 8
LESSON PLAN FOR PRACTICE SESSIONS
Level I
Your teenager should practice controlling the car during the first lessons. No time plan is given
here
because the number of hours needed for practice will depend on each individual student.
Some
students
learn
quickly, others need more time. These driving sessions should give your
student practice in the basic skills listed below.
1. Driving a "stick" (an automatic transmission is recommended because it is easier to operate)
2. Back the car
3. Right turns
4. Left turns
Level II
Only after your teenager can shift gears (if necessary in your car), back-up, and turn easily and
safely
should you begin practicing the skills listed below.
1. Intersections
2. Lane changes
3. Keeping space around the car
4. Practicing in traffic
Level lll
The skills listed below can be practiced after the Level I and Level II skills are mastered.
1. Hill parking
2. Parallel parking
3.
U Turn
4. Three-point turn
Level IV
Night driving and freeway driving should only be practiced after the student has mastered the
skills in
Level I, II and III. You must be sure that your teenager can control the car very well before
you practice
driving at night or on the freeway.
1. Freeway driving
2. Night driving
3.
Special problems and emergencies
Take A Check Ride
When your teenager has finished practicing the skills in Level IV, make sure you and your student
go
on the "test ride." This test ride should show you
if
your new driver needs more practice.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 9
PART I - FUNDAMENTALS FOR PARENTS
Help Teaching Your Teen
Most likely, it is hard to believe that your child is old enough to be a beginning driver. It probably
seems that, just yesterday, he or she entered school, played games with other kids and peddled a
bicycle. Now, all of a sudden, this "rite of passage" known as "learning to drive a car" is upon you.
As a parent, you may begin to panic a bit - young and inexperienced drivers ... alone ... in an
automobile ... on the highway! One doesn't have to be a highway traffic safety expert to know that
young drivers are involved in more traffic accidents, obtain a greater number of tickets, and die more
frequently on the highway than any other group of drivers. Therefore, it is more important than ever
for parents to learn what they can do to help their beginning driver learn the safety rules of the road.
This Parent Handbook, published by the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is designed to assist you. It by
no means replaces the driver education course required by law for those under the age of 18 years.
However, it does provide a digest of suggestions, tips, truths and observations on how to help your
teen obtain a learner’s permit, apply and practice what they learn in school, take on more and more
responsibility behind the wheel, and earn the privilege to drive in Kentucky.
We do not ask that you become a driver education teacher. We do ask, however, that you guide and
practice basic driving techniques with your child, especially right after they obtain their learner's
permit.
Work with your youth on observing other drivers, controlling speed, following other vehicles at a safe
distance, deciding when to move safely into traffic, and how to communicate their intentions to
other motorists. We suggest that you emphasize one technique each time you practice together on
the road, and that you obtain a copy of the "Kentucky Driver's Manual" to use along with this guide.
After all, practice makes perfect - and who better ·to supervise this practice and decide when your
teen is ready to "go it alone" than you? How can you expect to keep insurance rates and car repair
bills down, help avoid traffic tickets and appearances in Traffic Court, or the eventual loss of a license
if you are not intimately involved in the learning process?
Last, but definitely not least, you and your teen can both put your fears about inexperienced drivers
on the road in perspective by working together. In fact, you can make this new stage of their life
into the pl eas ant and safe experience it most certainly should be, and maybe even sharpen your
own skills in the process!
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 10
RULES OF THE ROAD
Although you should impress on your teen to obey ALL motor vehicle laws, there are two rules of the
road that bear mention right up front: ·
First and foremost, the beginner should not be driving next to you, or anyone other than a
qualified driving instructor, without a Learner's Instructional Permit. This permit can be
obtained at the age of 16 years, with proper identification, permission from a parent or
guardian, and by passing the Kentucky law and vision tests. The "Kentucky Driver's Manual"
explains the details of how to apply for and the conditions under which one can operate a motor
vehicle with a learner's permit.
Second, and no less important, is that the driver of a Class D (operator) vehicle and all
passengers MUST be restrained by seat belts. The only instance in which the seat belt
provision does not apply is when a physician, licensed to practice in this State, determines
and certifies in writing that the use of a seat belt by a person would prevent appropriate
restraint due to that person's physical disability or other medical reason.
READY ••SET••
Just “going out and driving around" with your beginning driver is tempting, but we have
found that is not wise. Rather, a structure or plan is desirable in order for your teen to reap
real benefits from practicing with you. Each time you practice, decide ahead of time where
you are going, on what skills you will work, and what new challenges should be attempted.
Give careful thought to the areas where you practice. Use only those localities you
know a beginner can handle; then move on to roadways with more traffic. Plunging a
person into an extremely difficult situation to "sink or swim" might sound good in theory, but
it is NOT good in reality for your teenager or others in the vicinity of your practice session. It
could even create a life-or-death situation.
Determine for yourself how well the student controls the vehicle in a non-traffic situation,
even though the approved driver education course will provide basic instruction. See if he or
she can start the car; move the car in a straight line, both forward and backward; drive a
short distance; and stop smoothly. Test the young driver's ability to turn the wheel and
accelerate properly by making a right and a left turn while moving along. Then, have them
turn right and left from stopped positions.
Try to practice as often as possible. Start with sessions of 15 to 20 minutes, during daylight
hours. Lengthen these practice periods gradually to .an hour or so. When you both feel
ready, begin practicing in the same manner at night.
Remember - pushing this training is not smart. Only so much can be taught about driving in
a limited amount of time. Take a break if either of you becomes tired, confused, or
frustrated, or, consider quitting for the day if the new driver becomes extremely stressed.
Needless to say, no one's driving will improve under those conditions!
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 11
THE NEWNESS OF IT ALL
As with any person new to any task, there are certain tendencies of which you should be
aware. Beginning drivers may become so anxious and grip the wheel so hard that they
cannot steer properly.
They may also fumble around in the car, adjusting the inside mirror and then the seat
immediately after getting in. Because these actions have been done in the wrong order the
new driver may not be able to see out of the back window properly.
Due to nervousness and inexperience, new drivers often position their hands incorrectly on
the steering wheel and forget that a car with an automatic transmission "creeps" while in
drive or reverse. They have a tendency to forget which way the car wheels are pointed
when pulling out of a parking space or when stopped in traffic; and they commonly make
errors to the right, since that side of the car is farther away from them than the left side.
THE WATCHFUL EYE
You must be at all times read to take control.
The minute you start to relax is just the instant something could go wrong. Usually, a simple comment
is enough to help avoid problems; but every once in a while, you may have to reach out and help with
the steering.
Watch for the nervous tendencies noted above. Calmly explain and demonstrate that the seat should
be adjusted before the mirror, in order to properly see out of t
he back window. Explain that the "9
o'clock" and
"3
o'clock" positions on the steering wheel are the best place for one's hands in order to
steer out of an emergency make a quick turn in either direction, blow the horn, or
use the signal
indicator. (All of these actions can then be done without taking one's hands off the wheel.)
Remind your teen that the driver doesn't always have to have a foot on the gas pedal for the vehicle
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 12
to
move. This "creep" can help the driver move slowly through traffic, get in and out of parking
spaces, and start
from a dead stop, or drive through tight quarters. It can also cause an accident if
attention is diverted and their foot is not on the brake.
If
necessary, "nudge" the steering wheel in order to keep your beginning driver from making
errors. This will show them how easy it is to keep the car traveling on the correct path.
If
you see that your driver is in real trouble, shift the car out of gear quickly, take the wheel, and
guide
the vehicle safely to the side.
Remember that it usually takes several tries in order to learn a new driving skill. Be patient with the
new driver, especially when giving instructions. Make an effort to praise the well-handled situations;
and use those not-so-well-handled times as learning experiences. Rather than merely criticizing,
suggest a better
way to deal with the circumstance.
PLAIN SPEAKING
Be VERY clear when giving instructions to the beginning driver (or any driver, for that matter). Use
the correct words and terms when giving behind-the-wheel instructions, so that the new driver will
become familiar with them. Also, remember to time your instructions in a manner that allows
adequate response time
for the untrained driver.
Keep in mind that the word "right" should be used to mean the direction of a turn. Therefore, if
you are asked, "Did you say turn left?" and that is what you did say, respond by saying "yes," or
"that's correct." Do not say "right," as you will only confuse the situation.
Likewise, telling an inexperienced driver to "stop" in a non-emergency circumstance can create an
emergency.
"Bring the car to a stop," or "slow down and stop"
will obtain much better results.
When the
driver needs to use the brake and is a bit late in doing so, saying
"Use the brake" or
"Press down on the
brake"
will result in a smoother stop than will "Hit the brakes."
The term
"traffic light"
should be used to describe traffic signals, whether the flashing or the
red-
yellow-green type.
If
you refer to the traffic light as a "stop light," a nervous driver may automatically
stop, no matter what color the light is!
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 13
Use the term "blind spot" to describe those places to the left and right-rear of the car which cannot
be
seen when looking forward or in the rearview mirror.
The order in which directions are given is very important. New drivers should be told WHERE to
perform a maneuver before being told when and what to do. For example, it is preferable to say.
"After
passing the next intersection, change to the right lane; rather than, "Change to the right
lane after passing
the next intersection."
When you need to identify other vehicles on the road, do so by their color and type, rather than by
make or style. Teenagers will know what you mean by the "red station wagon," or the "silver
sports car."
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
As we have mentioned, decide ahead of time on which of the basic driving skills and maneuvers you
will concentrate on during your practice session. The skills on which we suggest you work are:
observing;
maintaining the proper following distance; controlling speed; managing space; timing;
decision making;
communicating with other motorists; negotiating a turnabout; backing-up; parallel
parking; and parking on a
hill.
The paragraphs that follow will describe or define these skills and maneuvers, suggest how you can
best coach your child, recommend places to practice, and note the most common problems which
new drivers
experience when learning the skill.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 14
PART
II-
WHAT, WHERE, AND HOW TO PRACTICE
THE BASICS OF DRIVING
OBSERVING
Active observation of one's surroundings is the key to being in tune with other traffic and in control
of the driving situation. The new driver needs to be made aware that, in order to have all the
information needed
to make good decisions, they MUST observe what lies ahead, behind, to the left
and right sides of the vehicle.
They must also keep an eye on the instrument panel. As you practice,
keep encouraging them to expand their
area of observation.
Tips of the Trade
Here are some tips to help you practice the skill of "observing" with a new driver:
Know that "proper" forward observation is that point ahead of you which will take 12 to 15
seconds to
travel, when driving at your present rate of speed.
Observe at least a block ahead of you in town.
Observe at least one-half mile ahead of you in the country.
To check how far ahead your child is looking, ask him or her to let you know as soon as a
traffic light, stop sign, or intersection is seen.
Or, ask that he or she point out areas of restricted vision, such as the crests of hills or blind
intersections.
Since novice drivers have a tendency to concentrate too much of their attention forward,
remind them
that frequent glances into both the inside and outside mirrors are necessary to
observe what is behind
and on the sides of the car.
Periodically, check whether your child is keeping an eye on what is happening behind you.
Ask if he
or she can tell you the color of the car following you, without looking in the rearview
mirror.
To determine whether the instrument panel is being observed, inquire how fast the vehicle is
going, or how much gas is in the tank. The answer should be given without first glancing at
the panel.
Emphasize the critical nature of paying attention to what is ahead, behind, and on both
sides of you, not only in heavy traffic, but in ALL types of driving situations.
Encourage them to look beyond the car they are following; to notice brake lights as a sign
that traffic is slowing; and to watch for the signs that a parked vehicle is about to enter traffic,
such as the presence of a driver behind the wheel and the advent of signals and brake lights.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 15
Where to Practice
Begin to practice the skill of "observing" on roads in residential areas. Practice observing what is on
all sides of the car. Then, move on to more difficult traffic situations.
As you progress to areas with heavier traffic, or begin to travel at higher speeds, alert the new driver
to the special hazards inherent in these situations, such as: cars that appear to be parked, but pull out
unexpectedly; vehicles which move into one's path in city traffic; traffic at intersections; cars traveling
at high
speeds; vehicles passing from behind on two lane roads; and trucks entering your lane
momentarily to pass the
car in front of them, etc.
To Clue You...
Here are a few clues to help you ascertain whether or not your new driver is observing properly:
The lack of eye movement is a sure sign that he or she is looking straight ahead without
scanning to
the sides or checking the mirrors or instruments.
Going through intersections without slowing indicates that the new driver has not been
observing properly, as does allowing the car to "drift" in the lane.
Ignoring clues from other vehicles, stopping abruptly, and failing to change lanes to avoid
delays are
all indications that the driver needs to observe properly.
Over-steering to keep the car on the desired path when driving at higher speeds or turning the
wheel
too late or too early during turns also denote that the driver is not looking at least 12 to
15 seconds
ahead.
"FOLLOWING DISTANCE," OR SPACE BETWEEN CARS
The space between moving vehicles is known as the "following distance." When one vehicle follows
another too closely, a rear-end collision can result. In fact, most rear-end collisions are caused in this
manner.
Therefore, it is advisable to leave as much space as possible between your vehicle and the one
ahead of you in
order to avert this type of collision. In other words, be certain to leave an "adequate
cushion of air" between
moving vehicles. How much space is "adequate," however?
Helpful Hints
To help the new driver determine a safe following distance, we offer the following guides:
Use the "two-second following distance rule!” Watch the car ahead of you as it passes a "check
point," such as a particular sign. As the rear of that vehicle passes the checkpoint, begin counting the
seconds, i.e. "one thousand one, one thousand two."
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 16
TWO-SECOND Following Distance Rule
If it takes a full two seconds for the front of your car to reach the "check point," your following
distance is proper.
If your vehicle passes the check point sooner, you are following too closely.
If you want to leave more space between cars than two seconds, do so. There is no law that says
you can't!
Increase your following distance when driving in bad weather.
Increase your following distance when you are behind vehicles that make frequent stops, such
as buses and post office vans.
Where to Practice
Practice the skill of "following distance" on an open road which has a moderate volume of traffic.
Remember - inexperienced drivers tend to drive more slowly than others.
Look Out Behind You!
It is essential to pay attention to the car following you, in order to avoid being hit from the rear.
Advise your beginning driver to keep an eye on and to communicate with the driver BEHIND
you.
Suggest that he or she pump the brakes, thereby flashing the brake lights, as an indication that
they intend to slow down or stop.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 17
SPEED CONTROL
Speeding is the most prevalent traffic violation and contributes in some manner to the majority of
traffic accidents. Interestingly, the most common driver error is the choice of the wrong speed for
the existing conditions
Maximum speed limits are set for
"ideal"
driving circumstances, such as a good roadway, splendid
weather conditions and choice traffic conditions. Although unskilled drivers will soon learn that
conditions
are not always ideal, they do have a tendency to drive too fast for road and weather
conditions and need to be
taught to adjust their speed accordingly.
New drivers are also known to drive too fast on curves and through intersections, slow down too
much
when turning off of a high speed road and lose speed when changing lanes. They
characteristically have difficulty anticipating speed changes when going up and down hills, tending to
lag uphill and to race downhill. They often allow the slope and contour of the road to affect the
movement of the car before adjusting their speed.
However, with plenty of practice and coaching, the very important skill of "speed control" can be
mastered by and become second-nature to the new driver.
Tips for Speed Control
Here are some guides to help the novice driver control his or her speed and adjust it to actual driving
conditions:
Remind them to adjust their speed, particularly as you approach new places, school crossings,
unfamiliar intersections, or other areas where pedestrians might do something unexpected.
Emphasize that intersections can be dangerous, even when you have the right-of-way.
Explain that speed limits are set for ideal driving conditions. Driving 20 mph in some situations
is much too fast, even though the speed limit sign might indicate 25 mph.
Emphasize that it is a good idea to keep pace with the surround ng traffic, yet adjust their speed
enough in non-rush hour traffic to avoid traveling in a "pack."
To practice the art of maintaining a constant speed while driving up and down hills, ask the new
driver to maintain a constant speed, such as 35 mph, for the "next half mile."
To practice the skill of reaching and attaining a certain speed ask the driver to be at a certain
speed by the time he or she reaches a certain point . For example, if you are traveling at 25
mph, ask that he reach and attain a speed of 35 mph as you pass a particular highway sign.
Practice the skill of reaching and attaining a certain speed, as noted above, from a stopped
position.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 18
Practice the art of reaching a certain speed when turning. As the new driver begins to
accelerate from a turn, ask that he "be at 25 mph by the time you reach the second telephone
pole" (or other such designated point).
Practice negotiating curves. Remind you’re beginning driver that a curve in the road is just a
small part of a regular turn. Therefore, one should slow down to enter the curve, and accelerate
as you leave it, just as you would for a turn.
Where to Practice
Begin to practice the skill of speed control in "easy to handle" places, such as residential streets or two
lane roads with little traffic, few intersecting side streets, and a constant speed limit.
As the new driver becomes more adept at choosing the right speed for existing conditions, move onto
streets where traffic is heavier and one's speed must be changed more often.
Begin to practice the art of increasing speed when merging into traffic on a lightly-traveled road that has
a "yield" sign. Once this maneuver is mastered, try it when merging from a longer acceleration lane into
higher speed traffic. Finally, work on speed control when passing or being passed. Again, begin on two-
lane roads with little traffic, where passing is allowed.
MAINTAINING SPACE
Drivers must keep a cushion of space on all four sides of their vehicle and must also yield to the space
requirements of other motorists. This phenomenon is known as maintaining space.
The proper use of space involves positioning the car as far away as possible from hazards or potential
conflicts, without disrupting the traffic flow. A new driver must learn how much space to leave to the
front and back of the car, as we have already discussed. He or she must also learn how to judge the
amount of space to leave to the right and left of the car, or lateral space.
As experienced drivers know, oncoming, passing or parked cars can take away lateral space. If the
available space is narrow, the car must be placed between the two hazards in a manner that "splits" the
space.
Tips on Maintaining Space
Understandably, learning drivers are confused when trying to abide by all the different space
requirements. Some of them seem conflicting, such as "keep to the right to avoid oncoming cars, and
keep to the left to avoid parked cars." As a parent, you can help make some sense of the confusion by
knowing the following tips:
Don't forget the two second rule!
If faced with oncoming traffic and parked cars at the same time, and the risk is about equal, it is
best to steer a middle course between the two. Although this does not leave as much cushion as
desired, there will still be space to react should there be sudden moves from either side.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 19
When space is not adequate between hazards, attempt to avoid a potentially dangerous
situation by coping with one hazard at a time. For example, rather than meeting an oncoming
car on a narrow bridge, slow down and let the oncoming car proceed over the bridge first
New drivers have a tendency to drift toward oncoming cars, especially on higher-speed, two-
lane roads. They seem to concentrate so hard on the oncoming car that they forget to check
their own intended path.
Beginning drivers generally do not realize that driving in the "blind spot" of other drivers can
be very
dangerous. This is especially problematic when traffic is congested.
Parked cars often present a problem, in that new drivers believe that these cars will always
stay parked.
Encourage your young driver to allow enough space when next to anything
parked. Also, remind them to check for indications that these cars might be pulling out, such
as turned wheels, exhaust coming
from the tail pipe, a driver behind the wheel, brake lights,
blinking directional signals, or an open car
door, etc.
Parked cars hide pedestrians. Youngsters are known to run out into the road from between
parked
cars, and older people are, at times, thinking of other things and do not check before
crossing the street
Where to Practice
Begin to practice positioning one's vehicle, with regard to parked cars, on quiet streets. Then,
progress
to more heavily trafficked streets that have pedestrians, bicyclists, and oncoming vehicles.
Finally, move to multi-lane streets in order to practice how to keep a cushion of space around the car
when there are vehicles
on
each side.
New drivers generally have difficulty in judging the amount of space between vehicles and, therefore,
have problems in judging the amount of time and distance required to make maneuvers in traffic.
These problems are most often experienced at uncontrolled intersections, at intersections controlled
only by "yield" or "stop" signs, and when making a "right turn on red."
Helpful Hints
In order to make safe decisions, new drivers must learn to judge the space between vehicles and the
amount of time needed to make maneuvers in traffic. Space selection is NOT an easy process to
learn. In fact, it MUST be practiced many times. Here are some tips to help you lead your teenager
in developing these skills:
Ask the new driver to select the space he or she plans to move into and to tell you prior to making
the move. Advise whether the amount of space and time needed to maneuver the car are safe.
Practice the above technique in a variety of situations: when changing lanes; when crossing
intersections ; when turning right and left at intersections; when turning right on red; when
moving into traffic at an intersection with a "yield" sign; etc.
Evaluate the new driver's selections immediately, tell them what is correct and
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 20
incorrect, and make suggestions for improvement.
Warn your new driver to avoid taking unnecessary risks, since the wrong move at the
wrong time can cause a very serious accident.
Advise them to allow extra space between vehicles when making any maneuver for the
first time.
Explain that patience is more than a virtue when waiting for the best time to enter, exit,
join or cross traffic. It is a necessity!
Illustrate the importance of making certain there is enough space between vehicles
to complete a maneuver and enough room to accelerate to the proper speed.
Remind the new driver that they should not slow down when making most lane-change
maneuvers. An "acceptable" amount of space can soon become "unacceptable."
Be certain that the beginning driver is not so totally focused on selecting the correct
timing that they miss bicyclists, pedestrians, and standing vehicles.
Remember that good judgment and proper timing are also required when merging and
when passing other vehicles on the road. Choose carefully the times and places for
practicing these skills.
Timing
The following chart is designed to help the new driver judge the amount of time necessary to make
certain
maneuvers. It gives the reader the recommended amount of space between vehicles, in seconds, for
seven frequent maneuvers, under ideal conditions.
Space in
Seconds
Maneuver
2
Following another car
2+
Following a truck or motorcycle
4
Merging with traffic while moving or changing lanes
6
Crossing an intersection from a stopped position
8
Making a right turn
9
Making a left turn
12-15
Entering a highway from a stopped position
Where to Practice
Traffic MUST be present to practice appropriate space selection, or timing of a maneuver. However,
begin to practice the simpler maneuvers, such as when to cross intersections or when to turn right or
left from a stopped position, on a side street. Practice as much as possible on side streets, and move
on to more heavily traveled streets. Then, move on to the more difficult space selections, such as
changing lanes and
passing.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 21
Most skills we have discussed thus far are best practiced on a two-lane road, where traffic moves
more
slowly, before practicing on a multi-lane road. Not so with the skill of passing. In order to lead
up to actual
passing on a two-lane road, where the other lane carries head-on traffic, begin to
practice passing other cars on a multi-lane road.
COMMUNICATING WITH OTHER DRIVERS
Communicating with other drivers means informing them of your planned maneuvers and making
sure you are seen doing so. In other words, drivers must signal their intentions to others on the road.
Communication is vital when changing direction and speed Drivers MUST learn to use their turn
signals
before changing lanes, turning corners, and entering or exiting highways. They must also learn to use
their brake lights and, at times, hand signals to communicate when they are intending to slow, stop, or
park.
New drivers are often overly concerned with activating the turn signals; they frequently fail to let the
car straighten out from a turn before trying to signal the next one. They also tend to be clumsy,
thereby risking the loss of steering control while trying to use the signal lever.
Helpful Hints
Needless to say, practice is needed in the art of communicating one's intentions behind the wheel so
that they become effortless. Here are some tips for your practice sessions:
As you are driving along, point out when other drivers fail to communicate their intentions by
not
using their turn signals or flashing their brakes.
Remind your driver to signal for every turn. Practice using the signal lever while still
maintaining steering control.
Advise your driver to signal a turn BEFORE using the brake lights so that the driver behind them
knows they are going to slow down.
Advise your driver to check the rearview mirrors and pump the brakes when slowing or
stopping, to avoid being hit from the rear.
Where to Practice
Practice communicating with other drivers on any and all roads, at ALL times.
TURNABOUT
Turning the car around in close quarters, such as a driveway or the end of a dead-end street, is called a
"turnabout."
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 22
Tips for the Turnabout
To practice the turnabout, have the beginning driver do the following:
Start from the right side of the road just past a side street or driveway with
your .right indicator light on.
Watch closely for other traffic. If none is present, proceed backward while
turning the steering wheel to the right until you back into the Side Street or
driveway. Be sure to stay on the right side of the side street that you are
backing into.
Stop within several inches of the left curb or edge of the street.
Proceed backward, turning the steeri.ng wheel to the right.
Stop where you normally would at any intersection.
Turn your left indicator light on. Look in both directions to make sure there is no oncoming
traffic.
When traffic has cleared, proceed out of the intersection while turning your
wheel to the left and complete the turnabout into the right lane in the opposite
direction.
This should complete the turnabout. If not, repeat the process.
Where to Practice
Practice the turnabout maneuver in an open, non-busy area such as a parking lot on Sunday or on a
school or church lot during hours when the building is closed. We suggest that you mark off a practice
area 26'wide X 30'long. Homemade markers work fine; and you can make your own by placing
straight sticks, about five (5) feet long, into plastic gallon jugs which have been filled partially with sand
or water to weight them down.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 23
BACKING-UP
Backing-up a motor vehicle requires skill, good judgment, and a great deal of practice. Under most
conditions, a driver can safely back up after turning his head to check that the rear and sides of the
vehicle
are clear. Under obstructed or constricted conditions, however, the new driver should be
guided by someone
who is standing outside the vehicle.
Hints on How to Backup
Here are a few helpful suggestions for parents:
Caution you’re teen not to depend on the rearview mirror alone, but to actually turn his or
her head to
check the sides and rear of the vehicle.
Instruct the new driver to back up slowly.
Educate them to back up only for short distances. It is safer to find a place to turn the
car around than
to back up very far.
Also, advise them NEVER to back into an intersection. Instead, turn into a side
street and drive
around the block.
When turning around in a driveway, advise the driver to back in and drive out going
forward.
Caution the beginner to back very carefully out of angled parking spaces, watching
for pedestrians and other vehicles as they do so.
Where to Practice
Practice backing-up in the same type of open, non-busy areas used for working on the turnabout.
PARKING
New drivers should have little difficulty mastering the skill of parking a vehicle, if they follow a few
basic steps and practice frequently. As you practice with them, refer to the "Kentucky Driver's
Manual" for
the general stopping, standing and parking rules, the specific prohibitions, and the
sequence of maneuvers for
parallel parking or parking on a hill.
Tips of the Trade for Parking
To guide you and your teen, here are some of the "always" and "never" highlights on the subject
of parking:
ALWAYS raise the windows; stop the engine; lock the ignition; remove the key; set
the brakes and
put the car in park BEFORE leaving the vehicle.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 24
NEVER park on the paved or traveled part of any highway outside of a business or
residential district,
unless the vehicle is disabled or cannot be moved. Instead, pull off to
the right as far as possible.
Turn on your
PARKING LIGHTS OR 4-WAY FLASHERS
when you park on the
shoulder or side of a
highway from sunset to sunrise, or when there is insufficient
„light to see 100 feet away.
DON'T
flash your turn-signal lights on either side of a
parked vehicle.
NEVER
open the door of a parked vehicle when it would impede the flow of traffic
or endanger any person or vehicle. Instead, use the door on the curb side.
ALWAYS
signal and yield the right-of-way before pulling into the street from a parked
position.
LEARN
the parking rules and regulations in the "Kentucky Driver's Manual," so as
not to park in a prohibited spot, or too close to a crosswalk or fire hydrant, etc.
Tips for Parallel Parking
Here are some tips on the subject of parallel parking:
Advise the beginning driver that he or she will have to park in a space that is
25 feet
long in order to pass the driving test.
Be aware that a driver
MUST
park parallel to and within
twelve (12)
inches
of the
curb or edge of the roadway.
Have the new driver check for traffic in the rearview mirrors.
Advise the driver
NOT
to stop suddenly if the vehicle behind them is following too
closely. Instead, continue driving and find another space. This will help avoid a
rear-end collision.
Instruct the teen to put the turn signal on to warn other drivers he intends to
park. If the driver
following you stops, he should do so several car lengths
behind you.
Follow the specific steps for parallel parking listed in the "Kentucky Driver's Manual" and
diagrammed below.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 25
Tips for Parking on a Hill
Young drivers must be made aware of the difference between parking when headed downhill and
parking when headed uphill. Note the diagrams below, which illustrate the following information:
When parking downhill, turn the front wheels of the vehicle toward the curb or edge of
the road.
When parking uphill and there is a curb, turn the front wheels away from the
curb. Bring the
nearside front wheel in contact with the curb.
When parking uphill and there is no curb, turn the front wheels toward the edge of the
roadway. It is also wise to leave a manual transmission in gear.
Where to Practice
Practice parking in the type of open, non-busy areas used for practicing the turnabout and back-up
maneuvers. Using the same homemade markers as you did for the turnabout, mark off an area
measuring 6 feet by 25 feet.
PART Ill - COACHING THE NEWLY LICENSED DRIVER
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 26
PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE
The best paid athletes continue to be coached and to practice frequently in order to develop their
skills. Likewise, the newly-licensed driver still needs to be coached and to practice in order to
develop the judgment and driving skills needed under various conditions. Therefore, during these
advanced practice sessions, work with them at night, on expressways, and in the rain, etc. Don't
let them drive alone under those conditions without plenty of practice.
Although you will still need to watch them for signs of fatigue, your new driver will be able to stay
out for longer periods of time with each practice session. Also, he or she will begin to gain more
and more confidence behind the wheel, and to know on what skills to work and where to practice.
Ask them what practice they think they need
.
NIGHT DRIVING
One doesn't have to read the accident statistics to know that driving at night is more difficult and
hazardous than during the day. Therefore, we suggest you practice as much as possible.
Before driving at night, make sure that the windows are clean inside and out a little smudge can
distort the headlights of oncoming cars. Also, check to see that all lights are clean, working, and
aimed properly.
Help your new driver prepare for night driving by making sure they know the route, getting the car into
good working order, and showing them how to check the dashboard instruments at night so they won't
have to struggle to look for controls while driving.
Tips of the Trade for Night Driving - Headlight Use
Remember these tips on the use of headlights as you practice driving at night with the new driver:
Use the low-beam headlights at dusk, rather than the parking lights. Parking lights make the car
appear farther away from other vehicles than it really is.
Explain that headlights only light the roadway ahead of the car and that the illumination
provided by street lights and other vehicles only helps somewhat in lighting areas to the
side and rear of the car.
Remember that, at ground level, objects lit by headlights cast completely different
shadows than they do under sunlight.
Remind the new driver to glance away from oncoming bright lights, rather than
looking at them straight ahead. Glaring headlights from other cars can be shocking
to the new driver.
Make sure the new driver knows how and when to operate the high/low headlight
beam switch, so that other drivers are not blinded by bright lights. The new driver is
often reluctant to use the high beams because of the tendency to forget to lower
them at the proper time.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 27
USING YOUR HEADLIGHTS
Use high beams
in
open country to see persons or
vehicles ahead. Even with
high beams, speed should be
lower than by day
.
Use low beams when approaching or closely following
other vehicles. Also
use low beams where there are
street lights and in fog.
More Tips for Night Driving
Remember that, during twilight and nighttime hours, new drivers can completely overlook
hazards that would have been easily seen during the day.
To help compensate for not being able to see as well as during daylight hours,
advise your son or
daughter to drive a bit slower at night and to allow extra space
around all sides of the car.
Give instructions on how to use the day/night (rearview) mirror to reduce the glare
of headlights from behind.
Point out night driving guides, such as reflectors and pavement markers.
Advise the driver to watch for hard-to-see cyclists, pedestrians and animals.
Explain the importance of taking extra care when judging distance, since the
landmarks used in the
daytime are hidden after dark.
EXPRESSWAY I INTERSTATE DRIVING
High-speed, expressway or interstate driving is very demanding. However, with proper preparation, a
good grasp of the basic guidelines and lots of practice, your new driver can handle the challenge quite
safely.
First and foremost, make certain the driver knows the route. Although it might seem trite to state this
once again, this is an extremely important aspect of learning to drive on interstates. Much more of
the 9ew driver's attention can be given to safe driving when the trip is planned in advance.
Review in advance the type of highway signs found on expressways as well as how to interpret them .A
new driver is most likely not used to the fact that an arrow pointing up to the sky means a road that is
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 28
running straight ahead or that an exit 1/4 mile away will come up very quickly when driving at
expressway speeds (27 seconds when driving at 55 mph, to be exact!).
Use the tips listed below as guides when practicing expressway or interstate driving skills with your teen.
Please note that the words "expressway" and "interstate" are used interchangeably.
Tips for Entering the Expressway/Interstate
TRAFFIC FLOW
Remember that expressways, interstates and other limited access highways are usually
reached by an
entrance ramp and a speed-change, or acceleration lane.
Have the new driver check out the traffic on the ramp he is entering for slow-
moving and stopped
vehicles.
Advise your driver to use the acceleration lane to match the speed of the moving
traffic, use the
directional signals, choose a safe gap in the traffic, make a shoulder
check, and take a good look in the
outside mirror before merging into the expressway
traffic.
When entering an interstate, NEVER cross the solid, painted lines that divide the
entrance from the
roadway.
If
there is a short entrance ramp, speed up ONLY after observing and finding a gap in
the traffic.
Always look for the break in traffic BEFORE entering the interstate. Compare
what you see in the
mirrors with what you see when looking over your shoulder.
Caution the new driver that some interchanges have combined exit and
entrance lanes. This can be quite dangerous. Making the right decisions in
those instances depends on good judgment, proper timing and anticipating the
other drivers' moves.
Tips for Driving on the Expressway/Interstate
As stated in the section on "observing," have the new driver look at least 12 to 15
SECONDS ahead while on the expressway
.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 29
Avoid driving in large groups of traffic by adjusting the vehicle's speed and using the
proper lanes.
Remind the teenager that the steering wheel does not have to be moved very much
when changing
lanes.
Remind your new driver NOT to drive for long periods of time in the "blind spot" of
another driver. Simply speeding up or slowing down will solve this problem.
When you are on an extended trip and passing many exits, choose the lane with
the least traffic and best view
.
Don't cruise in the right lane. Near interchanges, switch lanes to the left, leaving the right
lane free for
vehicles that are entering or exiting.
NEVER stop and back up on the expressway, even if you miss an exit.
Caution your new driver NOT to use the extreme left lane in non-passing situations and NOT to drive
below the posted speed limit, so that other drivers won't have to pass them on the right.
Tips for Exiting the Expressway/Interstate
TRAFFIC FLOW
Do Not Slow Down
Here on Freeway
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 30
Advise your new driver to move into the right hand lane well before reaching the exit. By doing
so, he or she will have little trouble signaling and moving into the deceleration lane.
Have the driver begin slowing down as soon as the speed-change lane has been
entered, NOT on the main highway.
Make sure he or she slows to the posted advisory speed before entering the ramp. If not,
negotiating the curves will most likely be troublesome.
If the driver exits at the wrong ramp, tell him to continue until he is off the exit ramp and
then look for directions to re-enter the interstate. ·
Watch the new driver's speed when leaving the expressway. Since there is a tendency
to drive faster on residential streets after driving at expressway speeds, you may have
to remind them to check their speed.
When to Solo
Allow your new driver to take the car out alone on expressways and interstates ONLY when you
are
con
vinced that he or she:
Observes far enough ahead;
Uses good judgment on the highway;
Is able to slow or stop safely from high speeds;
Is able to adapt to highway speeds in the acceleration lane;
Can maintain the proper speed on the highway;
Is able to change lanes safely;
Checks the mirrors frequently; and
Can read and understand all highway signs when traveling at expressway speeds.
DRIVING IN BAD WEATHER
When the weather is bad, the road is slick, and you can't see very far ahead, driving becomes even
more difficult. In fact, the accident rate for wet roadways is reported to be almost double that for dry
roadways.
Therefore, practicing with the new driver during bad weather conditions is extremely important in
order that he or she be as prepared as possible. Advise your child to be especially alert and make
certain that
the proper equipment is in the trunk of the car
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 31
General Tips for Driving in Bad Weather
The key words for bad weather driving are PREPARATION and ANTICIPATION. The motorist
must
prepare himself and his vehicle for this type of driving and anticipate what needs to be done in order
to
drive safely. Here are some tips for the beginning driver:
Know that the roads are the
slickest
when it f
irst starts to rain.
Keep the proper bad weather equipment in the trunk, such as an ice scraper, window
spray cleaner,
clean cloths and a heavy jacket.
Take time to remove all snow or ice from all windows, headlights and taillights before
driving.
Help others see you in bad weather by using headlights, not parking lights.
Clear steamed windows with the defroster.
LOOK AHEAD! This is essential to safe driving in bad weather. By observing what is
happening to other vehicles, scanning intersections, and watching to the side, drivers can
anticipate what they must
do in order to drive safely.
Be ESPECIALLY careful at the start of a light rain, as the mixture of oil and
water on the
pavement is particularly dangerous.
Watch out for wet leaves on the pavement. They can create a slippery situation.
Remember that wet pavements are more slippery than dry ones. Therefore, it is more
difficult for
vehicles to "hold the road" on curves, and it takes a longer distance to
stop.
Do not use high beams in fog. This just reflects light off the fog beam back into your
eyes.
Remember that turning comers too fast in bad weather can be very dangerous.
Turn on the wipers after the windshield is wet from rain, or the windshield will smear and
blur your
vision.
Since bad weather can also include too much sun, experiment with the sun visor at
different angles to
Find the best position to avoid sun glare. Use sunglasses when driving into the rising or
setting sun.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 32
Tips on Skidding - Prevention and Recovery
Skidding occurs when the rear wheels lose traction with the pavement and slide left or right.
Though it most often occurs on ice or packed snow, skidding can also occur on a wet pavement,
gravel, or a dry road.
To help your new driver prevent or recover from skidding, stress the
following tips:
Be alert to conditions that may cause skidding, especially in winter driving.
Avoid abrupt changes
in speed or direction.
Before attempting to drive on packed ice or snow, practice how to stop the vehicle
under those road conditions. Practice at a slow speed and in a safe area,
preferably on private property.
Slow down
well in advance of your stopping point.
When road conditions are bad, leave early to avoid rushing.
If skidding occurs,
DON'T PANIC and DON'T BRAKE,
IMMEDIATELY STEER IN THE DIRECTION OF THE SKID. As an example, if
your rear
wheels start going to the right, turn your front wheels to the right, and
TAKE YOUR FOOT OFF THE GAS PEDAL
(accelerator).
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 33
Special Precautions for Winter Driving
Reiterate and practice these special winter driving precautions:
Use chains, snow tires or radial tires for driving on ice or snow. Of these three
choices, chains do the
most to improve traction and the ability to stop.
Slow down!
Even if your vehicle is equipped with chains, snow tires or radials, it is
not safe to drive
on ice or snow covered roadways at normal speeds.
Be advised that chains, snow tires, and radial tires MUST BE USED on designated
snow emergency
routes.
Practice getting the "feel" of the roadway. Start out very slowly and have the driver test
the brakes to
find out how the vehicle reacts and how easily the vehicle can be
stopped.
Remember that stopping distances are much greater on ice and snow than on dry, or even
wet, pavements. A thin film of water on ice is the worst stopping condition of all. Slow
down your
vehicle long before coming to an intersection or turn.
Keep a safe distance between your vehicle and the one directly ahead. The
needed space is much
greater than normal on ice or packed snow, since snow tires,
radial tires, and even chains can slide.
Reduce speed according to specific conditions. There is no such thing as a
"completely safe" speed on ice and snow. Every city block and every stretch of
highway may be different, depending upon the sun, shade, amount of salting, and
other conditions. Watch ahead for danger spots.
Point the car's wheels straight ahead when starting in snow; don't spin them.
Don't turn corners too fast, nor drive too slowly to make it up a snow covered hill.
Before allowing your new driver to drive a route alone in bad weather, be sure that he or she has
done
so, without problems, in good weather. Double-check the car to make sure it is in good
condition, has a full
tank of gas, and has the proper bad weather gear mentioned earlier.
As a general rule, ask yourself if you would drive in the same weather. If not, or when weather
conditions are extremely bad, our advice is to postpone the trip altogether.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 34
EMERGENCIES
·
Most driving emergencies are caused either by driver error or mechanical breakdowns. No matter
what
the cause, however, emergencies are not predictable. Thus, the driver must make split-second
decisions,
perform sudden changes in speed and/or direction, recover from the maneuver, and get the
car back on a safe
path.
These sudden, extreme changes in speed and/or direction are known as "evasive actions," and
include steering to the left or right, stopping abruptly, accelerating abruptly and handling skidding.
The new driver must know how to take the right evasive action at the right time. Though he or she
has become quite familiar with how to use the gas pedal, brakes and steering wheel, a lot of practice
is necessary to use these controls quickly in an emergency.
Tips for Handling Emergencies
A new driver can prepare for emergencies by developing good, basic driving habits, and by getting
plenty of practice in evasive maneuvers. For instance, he or she should:
Properly adjust the vehicle's seat position and safety belts.
Properly adjust both hands to the 9 and 3 o'clock positions on the steering wheel.
Actively observe what is happening around their vehicle at all times.
Practice steering to the right or left to avoid rear-end collisions.
Practice how to recover from emergencies which are caused by the vehicle itself, such
as brake failure, stalls and a stuck accelerator.
Where and How to Practice Evasive Maneuvers
By practicing the maneuvers suggested below with the new driver, they can "get the feel" of taking
quick, evasive actions with the gas pedal, steering wheel or brakes in case of emergency. Be sure you
practice on a quiet, lightly traveled street and demonstrate the maneuvers.
Can't stop in time
Braking is not the answer to all problems. When there is not enough room to stop in time, one
should steer to the right or left to avoid a rear-end collision. Have the new driver:
Pretend that a vehicle has stopped in front of you and there is not enough room to stop in time.
Practice steering to the right or left, as if to avoid a rear-end collision.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 35
Brake Failure
Most cars are equipped with a dual-brake system. Therefore, total brake failure rarely occurs; but it
could happen. Partial brake failure, however, is always a possibility.
In the event of brake failure, the "Kentucky Driver's Manual" suggests taking the actions listed
below. Review and demonstrate the maneuvers; have the new driver practice them.
Try pumping the brake pedal. (NOTE: Anti-lock brakes, in general, should NOT be
pumped.)
If
this
doesn't restore braking ability,
Use the Emergency (parking) brake.
Shift to a lower gear, if possible. Or, if
necessary,
rub the sides of the tires
against the side of a curb.
Stalls
Unfortunately, sometimes a vehicle will stop running when you are on the road. This, of course, is a
"stall". You may want to simulate a stall, as described below, so that the new driver can practice
how to recover from it. We suggest that you demonstrate the stall and recovery first, and then have
your teen follow suit.
Select a lightly traveled street with a short, gradual incline.
Turn off the engine.
Put the emergency brake on.
Switch the ignition on to unlock the steering, but do not start the engine.
Release the emergency brake, allowing the vehicle to coast forward.
Have the new driver steer right, steer left and brake.
Be prepared to use the emergency brake!
NOTE: Don't forget that a great deal of pressure is required to stop cars equipped with power brakes
when the engine is not running. If you have power steering, the new driver will also be introduced to
the difficulty of turning the steering wheel when the engine is off.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 36
Stuck accelerator
Sometimes the gas pedal may stick. You may want to simulate the condition and the sequence of steps
to take, as listed in the "Kentucky Driver's Manual," should this emergency actually occur. We suggest
that you demonstrate the following actions first in a non-traveled area, then have your teen follow suit.
Pretend that the accelerator is stuck.
"Slap" the accelerator pedal hard with your foot.
Shift to Neutral
Brake to a safe stop, using steady pressure on the brake pedal.
Pull off the roadway and stop.
NOTE: Don't forget that a great deal of pressure is required to stop cars equipped with power brakes
when the engine is not running.
Other emergencies
Review with your new driver the other emergencies listed in the "Kentucky Driver's Manual": wet
brakes; failing windshield wipers; failing headlights; blowouts; your vehicle becoming disabled; a vehicle
approaching in your lane; a fire in your vehicle; stalling on the railroad tracks; running off the roadway;
and flooding your engine.
Discuss the appropriate evasive actions to be taken in the event of each emergency and, if possible,
practice the maneuvers.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 37
PART IV - SUMMING IT ALL UP
Please note that this handbook contains condensations and paraphrases of the actual language
of the
Kentucky Vehicle Code, so that the information is more understandable to the reader.
Therefore, in a court, which is guided by the full and exact language of the law, this book is not a
proper legal authority to cite.
That fact notwithstanding, we at the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet hope that this guide has
been a
helpful, informative tool for you, as the parent or driving coach of a newcomer behind the
wheel. We also
hope that, throughout this coaching process, you have thought more about your
own driving habits and have
even "brushed up
on a thing or two. After all, Kentucky's roads can
only be safer for everyone if we long- time, experienced motorists "practice what we preach" to
our younger, newly licensed drivers!
AFTER THE NEW DRIVER RECEIVES A LICENSE ...SUPERVISE! SUPERVISE!
The new driver does need to "go it alone" sometimes. The following guidelines, although strict,
may
be helpful in deciding when and where to let them drive by themselves.
Know the Area
-
Going to a neighborhood store, library, or friend’s house is all right, but be
cautious
about allowing the novice to drive alone in a strange territory.
Keep off Busy Streets
-
New drivers should not be venturing out alone on busy streets.
Therefore, we
suggest you say "no" the first time they ask or the car on Friday evenings, when
rush hour and weekend
traffic are combined. Also, be very cautious about permitting them to
drive alone on Saturday, when all the
week's forgotten errands are being run and traffic is very
heavy.
Have a Good Track Record
-
Be reluctant to let the newly licensed driver try a particular route
alone
if
he or she made a lot of mistakes the last time you took the route together.
Keep it Simple
-
Decide what combination of factors and hazards might make a particular trip
too
difficult for the beginner to travel by themselves. If the route involves road construction at
rush hour, slick or
icy roads, roads at dusk or the expressway at night, it might, indeed, be too
dangerous alone.
Discourage “Cruising Around"
-
Whether in the neighborhood or elsewhere, new drivers should
not
just "cruise around town". You should discuss with them their destination and whether there
will be any
passengers or stop-off points.
Pre-trip car check
-
Make certain the teen understands that, just as during practice sessions, they
must
check the tire pressure, clean the windows, adjust the seat and mirrors, and buckle the seat
belt.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 38
BE A GOOD ROLE MODEL
Children of every age often imitate their parents' behavior. Set a good example whenever you
drive.
Obey all traffic laws. Be courteous. Drive safely. Your teenager may follow your example.
It's very
important for your teenager's safety that you:
Don't drive after drinking. Young people are more likely to drink and drive if they see their
parents do so
.
Use safety belts. No matter how short the trip may be, encourage your new driver to wear a safety belt.
Teach your student to fasten the belt before starting the engine. If you wear a safety belt each time you get
into the car, your teenager may do the same. Warning: The use of seat belts reduces the chances of being
thrown from the vehicle in case of a collision. If you don't install and use a shoulder harness with the lap
belt, serious or fatal injuries may happen. Lap only belts increase the chance of spinal column and
abdominal injuries- especially in children. Shoulder harnesses may be available for your vehicle, if it is not
already equipped with them.
Observe traffic laws. Traffic laws and signs are there for a reason: to lessen the risk of
being involved in a crash. Teach your teen the value of traffic laws and signs.
LET'S TALK ABOUT ALCOHOL AND DRUGS
Driving gives most teenagers a feeling of freedom and independence. At a time when they are
gaining independence, they may have their first encounter with alcohol and/or drugs. Mixing
alcohol and/or drugs with driving increases the risk of collisions and death. This is especially true at
night. Sometimes, after drinking, teenagers imitate a friend's bad driving habits. They speed or
attempt dare-devil stunts. Often young people cannot afford to keep a car in safe mechanical
condition, even though driving an unsafe car is illegal. Bald tires and poor brakes add to the
problem of drinking and driving.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 39
Talk to your teenager about drinking and driving. Let your driver know how you feel about
drinking or using drugs and what you expect from him or her. It may help to know some of the
facts found in a recent nationwide survey.
Young drivers expect and want their parents to talk to them about drinking and driving.
50% of all respondents’ ages 15 through 19 said they had been in one or more situations in
the past month where alcohol was present. Three out of five admitted to being drunk one
or more times recently.
Teenagers said drinking occurred in a variety of places, most frequently at a friend's home.
Drinking also occurred at parks, beaches, bars or drive-in movies. Drinking was even done
in their own home.
Every family handles issues like alcohol and drugs in its own way. Discuss with your son or daughter
what you think he or she should do in the following situatio n s :
Being driven home from a party by a friend who arrived sober, but who now appears under the
influence of alcohol and/or drugs.
A date becomes intoxicated at a party and insists he or she is sober enough to drive.
Riding in a car with older teenagers when one of them is using drugs and offers it to your teen.
You have forbidden your son or daughter to use alcohol, but he or she has gone to a party
where wine was served, and is now feeling a little "strange." It's getting late. Your teenager is
afraid to drive home, but does not know if you should be called.
Kentucky's Under 21- Zero Alcohol Tolerance Law
Needless to say, drinking and driving don't mix for ANY of us, regardless of age. Most teens and
young adults under 21 are aware that it is illegal for them to drink and that there is a law against
drunk
driving. What they may not know, however, is that they could lose their license for driving
after drinking as
little as one drink I
Kentucky’s new law prohibits all licensees under the age of 21 from driving or attempting to drive
a
motor vehicle with .02 percent, or more by weight, of alcohol in their blood. That translates to
less than one
shot of vodka, or one glass of wine or beer for most people!
For drivers under 21, licenses and identification cards are now produced in a vertical format. At a
glance, this instantly distinguishes individuals under 21. To the right of the picture, the date that
the individual
turns 18, and the date the individual turns 21 is printed boldly in red. This new
feature is designed to help
retailers curb the illegal sale of tobacco and alcohol products to
minors. "Kentucky's Zero Alcohol Tolerance
Law" means just that: It is unacceptable behavior to
drink any amount of alcoholic beverage and drive.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 40
MOBILE PHONE USAGE
Throughout this handbook, we have stressed the necessity of having new drivers actively observe
what
is around them. Visual observation is not the only means ·of doing so; hearing what is going
on around you,
or audio awareness, is important as well.
Beginning June 14
th
, 2010, ALL mobile/cell phone usage is prohibited for drivers less than 18 years
of age. This ban includes any usage of a cell phone, not just texting or talking while driving, but
prohibits the use of hands-free devices as well. It is imperative to understand this is a Primary
Offense. You will be pulled over and cited & fined by a Law Enforcement Officer for any and all
mobile/cell phone usage. If you are in an emergency situation and need to make a call while you
are driving, stop the vehicle and call for help.
If you chose to violate this law and place yourself and other Kentuckians in danger, in addition to
fines & court costs, points will be assessed to your driving record and your 180 day waiting period
will begin anew.
Accidents are unintentional or unexpected happenings. But, car crashes don't happen by chance.
Driver inattention is a major contributor of car crashes and the usage of mobile/cell phones in
automobiles has played an extraordinary role in distracting drivers. Beginning drivers overestimate
their driving abilities
,
coupled with the unlawful use of cell phones, it only adds to the chance of
a crash. Parents and young drivers need to understand that
cell
phone usage adds up to risky,
unlawful behavior in automobiles for young drivers. Driving is a mental process so
think before
you break the law and text or dial.
HEADPHONES – EARPHONES
Headphones and earphones can divert a driver's attention from the road and prevent them from
hearing
the sound of warnings. Therefore, wearing headphones and earphones while driving is
prohibited
by law in
Kentucky, with certain specified exceptions relative to work safety, hearing
protection and hearing impairments.
Though loud radios, CD and tape players, etc. are not prohibited by law they, too,
can prevent one from hearing and responding to emergency signals. Further, it is
extremely rude to play them so loud as to be heard outside of one's car
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 41
IS YOUR TEENAGER READY FOR A LICENSE?
When your teenager drives well enough to pass the driving skills test ask yourself the questions below.
You may have overlooked some practice or knowledge your youngster needs.
1.
Have we discussed alcohol, drugs and driving?
2.
Does my son or daughter know what to do if he or she has been drinking and
feels its unsafe to drive?
3.
Have we practiced in heavy city traffic?
4.
Have we practiced on one-way streets and at intersections with three-way signs?
5.
Have we practiced using a left-turn center lane?
6.
Have we practiced on small country roads, on graveled roads with potholes, and on hills?
7.
Have we practiced in bad weather?
8.
Have we practiced at night?
9.
Have we discussed what to do if an emergency occurs?
10.
Have we discussed what to do if a collision occurs?
11. Does my teenager know I can cancel his or her license at any time, for any reason I feel
is valid?
12. Does my young driver know I will cancel the license if he or she drives
irresponsibly or violates traffic laws?
WHEN AND WHERE TO APPLY
When your beginning driver has practiced the skills described above to the extent that he or she is
comfortable with the maneuvers, it is time to apply for a driver's license.
To take the driving test and obtain a driver's license, the teen should go to the circuit clerk's office in
the county which they reside.
Your child must be accompanied by a licensed driver who is over 21 years old; must bring the learner's
permit, proof of insurance and vehicle registration; and must furnish a vehicle in a safe operating
condition for
the road test. Some counties require a form indicating the driver's compliance with the
State's "No Pass No
Drive Law".
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 42
SAMPLE LOG FOR YOUNG DRIVERS
-IT
IS STRONGLY RECOMMENDED
THAT
SO-HOURS OF TRAINING BE LOGGED BEFORE ATTEMPING THE
ROAD TEST.
Total Hours
SAFE DRIVER CHECKLIST
Use this checklist when your son or daughter has finished practicing all the driving skills discussed in this
book. Take your student on a long "test" ride. As you ride, check your teenager's driving against the
checklist below. Be sure that your new driver is following the safe driving habits listed here. Check ()
each item you see your youngster doing correctly. This list should tell you where your student driver still
needs practice or help. Your teenager should, as a habit, do all of these things before taking the driving
skills test.
Starting
1. Adjusts mirrors .
2. Fastens safety belt.
Moving Forward
1. Looks over shoulder before pulling into traffic.
2. Signals.
3. Uses both hands on opposite sides of steering wheel.
Stopping
1. Stops when necessary behind crosswalk or limit line.
2. Uses correct foot on brake pedal
Turning
1. Slows for turns.
2. Begins and ends turn in correct lane.
3. Yields right-of-way when necessary.
4. Accepts legal right-of-way when safe.
5. Sees and reacts to hazards.
Backing
1. Looks back over right shoulder when backing.
Changing Lanes
1. Signals.
2. Checks mirrors.
3. Check over shoulder.
4. Changes lanes safely.
Date
From
To
Miles
MIN/HRS
Hours to Date
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 43
Hill parking
1. Signals.
2. Curbs wheel properly.
3. Sets parking brake.
4. Signals and checks over shoulder before entering traffic.
Parallel parking
1. Signals.
2. Looks over shoulder.
3. Yields to other vehicles when necessary.
Driving on Freeway
1. Checks traffic flow.
2. Times entry into freeway.
3. Checks over shoulder as he or she accelerates into gap in traffic.
4. Signals early and brakes on exit ramp.
5. Adjusts speed to road conditions.
Defensive Driving Techniques
1. Checks mirrors before breaking.
2. Checks cross streets before entering.
3. Checks signal lights and signs
4. Keep eyes “moving” (watches sides and middle of road).
5. Keeps a “space cushion” around the car.
6. Follows at a safe distance.
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 44
.
PRACTICE DRIVING
LOG
All drivers under the age of 18 must present this driving log to the Kentucky State Police License
Examiner before the skills test can be administered. The applicant and the parent/guardian who
certifies the driver training must sign the log. Each 16 or 17 year old driver must have 60 hours of
driving practice (10 hours of the mandatory 60 hours must be at night.)
DAY DRIVING RECORD (50 hours mandatory)
Date of Driving
Amount of Driving time
Parent/Guardian Initials
KYTC Graduated Driver‟s License: A Parent‟s Guide for First Time Divers 45
NIGHT DRIVING RECORD (10 hours mandatory)
Date
Amount of Driving Time
Parent/Guardian Initials
By signing below, I certify that this practice-driving log is correct.
Applicant's Signature Parent/Guardian Signature
The above record has been reviewed by a Kentucky State Police License Examiner and shows that the
applicant and parent/guardian have documented 60 hours of driving.
KSP License Examiner
Date
