Moped
Manual
New Jersey Department of Transportation
Motor Vehicle Services
www.state.nj.us/mvs
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New Jersey
This manual was originally published
in cooperation with the North Plainfield Board of Education,
the New Jersey Police Traffic Officers Association and the MOPED Owners Association.
Introduction
Driving a motorized bicycle, or MOPED, can be fun.
However, it's also a privilege, not a right. In New Jersey, MOPED drivers
are required by law to abide by the same traffic rules as motor vehicle
drivers - as well as a few special traffic regulations.
Enjoy your MOPED. But drive carefully . . . for your safety and that
of others.
James Weinstein, Commissioner
New Jersey Department of Transportation
C. Richard Kamin, Director
Motor Vehicle Services
New Jersey
moped manual
The NJ MOPED license plate is always mounted on the rear of the vehicle.
Motorized Bicycle (MOPED) Manual
A supplement to the NJ Driver Manual
Define a MOPED ..................................................................................... 1
Get your MOPED license .......................................................................... 2
Know other requirements........................................................................ 4
Follow MOPED laws................................................................................. 5
Avoid points and penalties...................................................................... 7
Control your MOPED ............................................................................... 8
Avoid MOPED accidents..........................................................................10
Check the MOPED ..................................................................................12
Choose proper clothing..........................................................................13
Start your MOPED..................................................................................15
Drive your MOPED .................................................................................16
Take bike routes ...................................................................................21
Drive at night.......................................................................................22
Watch the weather................................................................................23
Know additional hazards........................................................................24
Answer sample test questions.................................................................29
Practive driving test runs.......................................................................31
Locate MVS facilities.........................................................inside back cover
New Jersey
moped manual
New Jersey Department of Transportation
Motor Vehicle Services
Christine Todd Whitman, Governor
James Weinstein, Commissioner
C. Richard Kamin, Director
January 2000
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1
Define a MOPED
In New Jersey, a motorized bicycle, or MOPED, is defined by law as a
pedal bicycle with a helper motor that has a maximum piston displacement
of less than 50 cubic centimeters, or no more than 1.5 brake horsepower,
and is capable of a maximum speed of no more than 25 miles per hour on
a flat surface. Motorized tricycles are not legal in New Jersey and cannot be
operated on public roadways.
In this manual, the terms motorized bicycle and MOPED will be used
interchangeably.
MOPEDs aren't bicycles
Although they resemble bicycles, MOPEDs are heavier and handle
differently. They usually require
longer braking distances to stop,
don't turn as quickly and are
harder to pedal than bicycles.
MOPEDs aren't
motorcycles, either
MOPEDs are lighter and have
less power than even the smallest
motorcycles. They also lack
certain standard equipment
found on motorcycles, such as
turn signals, two rearview
mirrors, and so on. However,
some MOPED manufacturers now
offer electric turn signals and
two-speed transmissions as
optional equipment. Motorcycles
are subject to annual vehicle
inspection; MOPEDs are not.
AFFIX CORRECTION STICKER
Q. 15 Passenger or Less
R. Bus Mechanic Without Passenger
S. No School Age Passengers
ENDORSEMENTS
F. Moped
H. Hazardous Material
M. Motorcycle
N. Tank
P. Passenger Vehicle
T. Double/Triple Trailer
RESTRICTIONS
1. Corrective Lenses
2. Prosthetic Device
3. Mechanical Device
4. Hearing Impaired
5. Attached Restrictions
L. Excludes Vehicles with Air Brakes
M. Excludes Class A Passenger Vehicles
N. Excludes Class A & B Passenger Vehicles
O. Valid in Tow Trucks Only
P. Non CDL Passenger Only
Upon my death I am willing
to donate the following:
EYES HEART ANY ORGAN
LIVER KIDNEY NONE
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2
To be able to drive a MOPED, you must be:
• At least 15 years old with a valid MOPED, motorcycle, or basic driver
license.
If you need a MOPED driver license, purchase an examination permit
at any motor vehicle agency for $5. The permit is valid for 45 days. You
will have to show acceptable proof of age and identity, and evidence that
your presence in the United States is authorized under federal law. Although
your birth certificate (original or certified copy) is preferred proof, other
documents may be used. Please refer to the list in the NJ Driver Manual. You
must also provide your Social Security number (or an exemption) before the
permit is issued. Note: You cannot receive or apply for a MOPED license if
your driving privileges are revoked.
To obtain a MOPED license, you must:
• Study this manual and the NJ Driver Manual.
• Take the eyesight and written tests at a driver testing center, or at
certain agencies. (Refer to the MVS facilities listing at the back of
this book.) If you can't read English, and can't complete the written
test, you can take an oral test with 20 questions and a maximum of
30 color slides, transparencies or other facsimiles that show images
of traffic control devices. You'll be required to answer the questions
and explain the slides to the examiner. The passing score is 80% on
each part. In addition, you must be physically competent to drive a
MOPED.
Get your MOPED license
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3
• Pass these tests and MVS will validate your examination permit. This
allows you to practice drive during daylight hours without supervision
for a period not to exceed 45 days from the date the permit was
purchased.
• Schedule a driving test. See the inside back cover for a list of driving
test sites. If you fail the road test, you'll have to wait two weeks for a
retest. If you do not pass the driving test within the 45 days, you must
apply for a new permit. (Since MOPEDs are not permitted on certain
roads, it may be necessary to transport your MOPED to the test area
on a trailer or car rack.)
• Take the road test. Note that your MOPED must be registered and
insured. Also, carry the examination permit with you whenever you
drive the MOPED.
• Pass the road test. Take your permit to a motor vehicle agency to
obtain your MOPED photo license required for first time drivers and
those under 21 for $2. If you fail, you can retake the road test in
two weeks.
If you're issued a basic or motorcycle license when you reach age 17,
you must turn in your MOPED license. Or, after four years, renew your photo
MOPED license for $2 if you do not obtain another license.
(Refer to the sections titled Sample test questions (for questions that can help you
prepare for your written examination) and Driving test runs in the back of this
publication.)
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Know other requirements
MOPED drivers must:
• Obtain a helmet. Safety helmets must meet the specifications
established by the U.S. Department of Transportation. When buying
a helmet, look for the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
or Snell Memorial Foundation labels. Also, choose a helmet that fits
snugly, has a chinstrap, and has at least four square inches of red,
amber or white reflectorized tape on each side that's affixed in a
permanent weather-proof manner. The helmet should not have any
defects, such as cracks, loose padding, or frayed straps.
• Wear a helmet, as required by law. The single most important thing
you can do to improve your chances of surviving an accident is
to wear a securely fastened, approved helmet. A full-face helmet is
recommended. It's the same as worn by motorcyclists, but without the
face shield or goggle requirement. Failure to wear a helmet can result in
serious injury and/or a fine of up to $100.
• Carry a valid driver license, registration certificate and insurance
identification card while driving a MOPED. Failure to do so can result
in a fine of up to $50.
MOPED owners must:
• Title and register their vehicles before they can be driven on public
roadways. Only MOPEDs approved by Motor Vehicle Services can be titled
and registered. The titling fee is $20. The registration fee is $8 a year.
MOPEDs must have a special MOPED license plate displayed on the rear
of the vehicle. You can title and register the MOPED at any motor
vehicle agency.
• Obtain liability insurance covering 1) bodily injury (up to $15,000), 2)
death (up to $30,000), and 3) property damage (up to $5,000).
Note: Fees in this manual are subject to change. To confirm fees,
please call 1-888-486-3339 toll free in New Jersey or 1-609-292-6500
from out of state.
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Follow MOPED laws
You must obey all the New Jersey motor vehicle laws and regulations
for bicyclists and motor vehicle drivers. (Refer to the NJ Driver Manual.)
Learn these laws and regulations, as well as MOPED laws, because the written
examination will include questions from both manuals.
New Jersey law requires MOPED drivers to:
• Know the meaning of all traffic signs and signals (see the NJ Driver
Manual).
• Drive on the right side of the road. Driving your MOPED toward
traffic is illegal and unsafe. Motorists aren't accustomed to vehicles
approaching on the wrong side of the road. At intersections, motorists
should first look left, then right, before pulling out. Wrong-way
drivers may be hit before
they are seen. Driving on
the left also exposes you
to head-on collisions. The
force is many times greater
than being hit from the
rear. You also may have
a hard time reading road
signs when driving the
wrong way.
• Drive no more than two
abreast when traffic is not
impeded; otherwise, you
must drive single file and
stay well behind one
another. Use hand and
voice signals to tell other
MOPED drivers when you
plan to stop or turn.
• Do not carry a passenger.
Unlike a motorcycle, a
MOPED does not have the
Because of the relatively low speeds attained by
MOPEDs, unless turning left drivers should ride
as far to the right of the traffic lane as possible.
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6
power, strength or handling ability to safely carry a passenger in
addition to the driver.
• Do not hitch a ride by attaching the MOPED to another vehicle, or by
holding onto another vehicle.
• Do not drive MOPEDs on:
1. Interstate highways, the Garden State Parkway, the New Jersey
Turnpike or the Atlantic City Expressway;
2. Four-lane highways divided by a grass or concrete median;
3. Highways with a speed limit over 50 miles per hour (The Director of
Motor Vehicle Services is authorized to prohibit MOPED use on
roadways with a speed limit of over 40 miles per hour when such
roadways are considered unsafe for MOPED operation.);
4. Railroads or rights-of-way of operating railroads;
5. Any public lands prohibited by a governing body; and
6. Sidewalks.
State law also requires your MOPED to have:
•
A white front headlamp and red rear taillight capable of being seen under
normal conditions from at least 500 feet. These lights must be used between
sunset and sunrise, or anytime bad weather makes it hard to see up to
500 feet. (However, it is recommended that you drive with your lights
on at all times. You may
think you're visible, but it
is best to give motorists
every chance to see you.
Turn on your lights - day
and night.)
• A bell or horn (but not a
siren or whistle) that can
be heard 100 feet away.
• Enough braking power to
make the wheels skid on
dry, clean, level pavement.
The headlight must be on during time of
operation without exception.
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Avoid points and penalties
MOPED drivers who commit traffic violations earn points in addition to
court penalties. It's also against the law to operate a motorized bicycle while
under the influence (DUI) of liquor, narcotics or drugs. Juveniles under the
age of 17 are now treated as adults with hearings in Municipal Courts and
are subject to the same fines and penalties as adults. Convictions are then
reported to Motor Vehicle Services by the courts.
Points charged against your MOPED license are added to your New
Jersey driver license point total if you obtain a valid basic driver license or
motorcycle license. This also applies to MOPED drivers under 17 when they
obtain a basic New Jersey driver license. If you accumulate too many points,
MVS may suspend your driving privileges. If you receive points for traffic
violations out-of-state, MVS will add them to your record. You may lose
your driving privilege for traffic violations, DUI, or if the Director of Motor
Vehicles considers you a problem driver. If your privilege is suspended, you
cannot drive.
Refer to the NJ Driver Manual for an explanation of violations, DUI,
the point system, fines, and suspension and restoration of your driving
privileges.
Driver Reexams may be necessary
For public safety and the MOPED driver's safety, Motor Vehicle Services
may require that a MOPED license applicant, a current MOPED driver or a
suspended MOPED driver retake the MOPED written and driving tests.
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8
Control your MOPED
When turning your MOPED, you keep from
falling by leaning in the direction of the turn.
If you only turn the handlebar, you will be
pulled the other way.
Judging how much physical force you
need to overcome this pulling sensation takes
practice. It also involves knowing what speed
is safe for each turn.
Stopping distances vary
There is no simple way to explain exactly
how long it will take to stop at certain speeds.
Stopping distance depends on:
• Miles per hour (traveling speed);
• Your reaction time;
• Weather and road conditions;
• The MOPED's condition: brakes and tires
(and the type used);
• The total vehicle weight, driver and
packages.
One point is sure - the faster you go, the
longer it will take to stop. At higher speeds,
or going down a hill, it is very difficult to stop
a MOPED in an emergency.
Keep a safe distance when
following another vehicle
Tailgating (driving too close to the vehicle in front) is a common cause
of accidents. If a car ahead stops suddenly, you should have enough space to
STOP
YIELD
DO NOT
E N T E R
WRONG
WAY
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stop in time. Tailgating can cause a series of rear-end collisions when many
vehicles are too close together.
Use the two-second rule
Since most drivers have trouble judging distances, the two-second rule
can be used. Here's how it works:
1. Select a fixed object ahead of the vehicle in front of you. The object
may be a sign or a tree. Make sure the object does not distract your attention
from driving.
2. As the vehicle in front passes the object, begin counting two seconds
(one-thousand-one, one-thousand-two).
3. If it takes at least two seconds before you pass the object, you should
have enough distance for a sudden stop.
The two-second rule takes into account your speed and the speed of the
vehicle in front. Try the rule while driving; it can help you develop good
judgment for proper following distances.
Note: During bad weather, the two-second count should be increased
to three or four seconds.
Start to count as the You should be able to Choose an
car ahead passes count 1,001 ... 1,002 easily visible
the fixed point before you pass the fixed point
fixed point (such as a sign)
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Avoid MOPED accidents
In 1995, there were 227 MOPED accidents in New Jersey. Forty-three
percent or 98 persons were injured. No fatalities were reported.
Probable causes of those accidents include driver inattention, such as
crossing an intersection on a yellow light. Other crashes were caused by the
inability of the MOPED to move fast enough to avoid traffic. Another cause
is a loss of balance or control. New drivers often don't have the experience
to safely control the MOPED.
Fifty-six percent of the 227 MOPED crashes involved property damage.
This means that 127 MOPED drivers hit inanimate objects such as car doors,
poles, curbs, potholes, storm drains and sewer covers. These drivers also hit
pedestrians, bicyclists and animals.
Red Light - Stop before the intersection
or crosswalk and remain standing until
green is shown alone.
Yellow Light - When shown alone,
traffic should stop before entering the
intersection or crosswalk, unless the
vehicle is so close to intersection that it
cannot be stopped safely.
Yellow Arrow - Gives the driver a
chance to stop safely before the green
signal changes to red.
Green Light - Go if the intersection is
clear. Yield to pedestrians and vehicles
still in the intersection. Before you
make a left turn, yield to vehicles going
straight.
Green Arrow - When shown alone or
in combination with the red signal,
proceed only as shown by the arrow. Be
cautious and yield to people on foot.
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Other causes of MOPED accidents are careless driving, failure to stop at
traffic lights and stop signs, driving the wrong way and driving under the
influence of alcohol or drugs.
By 1997 the vehicle fatality rate of the nation reached an historic low
of 1.7 per hundred million vehicle miles traveled. In New Jersey that same
year there were 699 fatal accidents with 774 people killed. There were no
MOPED fatalities that year.
Between 1988 and 1997 there were 7,622 fatal accidents in New
Jersey. Five fatalities were MOPED drivers. MOPEDs are prohibited on divided
highways, interstates and toll roads. However, state, municipal and county
roads and highways with speed limits under 50 miles per hour are available
for MOPED use. Exceptions to the general laws are in the relevant regulations:
N.J.A.C. 13:25-8.1-13:25-8.6.
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Check the MOPED
Before driving your MOPED, you must give it a quick predrive safety
check that should include:
• Tires
Are they inflated properly according to the tire design?
Are the tires seated properly on the rims?
Are the tires wearing evenly?
Are there any signs of cuts or sidewall cracks?
• Wheels
Are the spokes tight?
Are the wheels adjusted properly?
• Brake levers
Are the cables connected and adjusted to the proper tightness?
Are the levers operating properly?
• Fuel tank
Do you have enough fuel?
• Lights
Can you turn them on and off?
Did you check your brake lights, also?
• Pedals
Do they turn freely?
Do you check their condition now and then, and keep their
reflectorized panels clean of dirt?
• Drive chain
Is it tight, oiled and free of mud and dirt?
• Nuts and bolts
Did you visually check all major nuts and bolts?
• Switches
Are they all working?
Did you check lights and horn?
Did you check and adjust the mirrors, if so equipped?
Each time you prepare to drive, go through this list. Knowing that your
MOPED is ready and safe will make you a safer MOPED driver.
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Choose proper clothing
Wear bright clothing so that you'll stand out and other motorists will
see you clearly. If possible, use reflective material. Reflectivity is the result
of light reflected back to its source on paths that are parallel to those
striking the reflector. This quality is essential for visibility during cloudy
or foggy weather conditions or at dusk or night. It uses the light intensity
from vehicle headlights and other light sources that provide visibility without
electricity or batteries.
Wear an approved motorcycle helmet. MOPED drivers are required by
law to wear a helmet, it is your only protection from serious head injury.
(See page 4 for more helmet information.) A helmet also protects the driver
from wind and cold.
Wear goggles, face shields and glasses that are scratch-free, shatter-
resistant and ventilated to prevent fog build-up or misting while driving.
If you wear glasses, be sure they're safety glasses or have plastic lenses that
won't shatter on impact. Eye protection is recommended even if your MOPED
has a windscreen. Be sure eye
protection is of an approved type -
the same as for motorcyclists.
Wear pants made of heavy
material to protect legs from
exhaust pipe heat or bruises
and scrapes if you fall or hit
something. Avoid baggy or flared
pants that could become tangled
in the chain or spokes. Dresses,
skirts or shorts offer no
protection if you fall.
All motorized bicycle riders must
wear a helmet. It is recommended
that MOPED drivers observe the same
rules of safety and wear the same
protective equipment suggested for
motorcycle riders, including eye
goggles or a full-face helmet.
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Wear a heavy jacket even in warm weather. As with long pants, a jacket
will protect your skin if you fall or scrape yourself. A long-sleeved shirt is
suitable if you don't want to wear a jacket. A bright red or orange vest is
more visible.
Wear leather gloves or heavy fabric gloves with leather palms to improve
your grip on the handlebar and controls. Gloves should be worn when it's
raining, when your hands are hot and perspiring or when it's very cold.
Wear several layers of clothing that are better than one heavy garment
in cold weather. Insulated gloves, woolen scarf and socks, a tightfitting
overcoat and a cap under your helmet will keep body heat in during winter
driving. This is important because the air temperature around your body
goes down as your speed increases. Remember, too, that cold air slows your
reflexes. Allow more time when stopping and turning.
Light, bright clothing on you and vehicle reflectors on your MOPED
will always make you and the vehicle more visible. To be even more
visible, you should put reflectorized tape on the front, back and sides
of your clothing, helmet and MOPED; and install wraparound reflectors
on the spokes. Reflectors should
be mounted opposite the tire
valve stems for better wheel
balance. Be sure to keep dirt
off the reflectorized panels on
your pedals, and never wear dark
glasses or tinted face shields at
night.
Wear shoes with laces that won't
slip off while driving, or boots that
provide protection against foot and
ankle injuries. Don't wear sandals or
slip-on shoes; they could fall off and
leave your feet unprotected.
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Start your MOPED
As you take the driver's position on the MOPED, be sure you can put both
feet on the ground while seated. You also should be able to nearly straighten
each leg when pushing the pedals into the down, or six o'clock, position.
Now get the feel of your MOPED. Place your hands on the handgrips to
make sure that you have easy access to the brake levers. Then:
• Release the kickstand.
• Push the MOPED forward and begin pedaling. It will be more difficult
than pedaling a bicycle. Pedal only with the balls of your feet; you
will not tire as easily and your legs can put more power into the
pedaling movement.
• Start your motor by following the instructions in the MOPED
owners manual. As the
motor starts, pedaling will
be more difficult for a
moment.
• Brace yourself for the pull
of the motor - it may move
you backward on the seat.
As you adjust to the pulling
sensation, keep your body
erect and watch the road
ahead. Now you are ready
to drive your MOPED.
Know your MOPED before you drive.
Pedal your MOPED before you start the
motor.
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Drive your MOPED
Here are important things to remember as you drive your MOPED:
• Keep your feet on the
pedals and turn the
throttle slowly to
accelerate. Put the pedals
in the three and nine
o'clock positions to keep
them clear of the road, and
don't take your feet off
the pedals except when
coming to a stop. Do not
twist the throttle too
quickly in panic or grip the
handgrip tightly at the first
feeling of forward motion.
Too tight a grip opens
the throttle even more
rapidly, increasing speed.
• Relax your forearms and
hold the grips firmly with
your fingers. When you
have the feel of the
powered forward
movement, release the
throttle and slowly apply the brake by squeezing the brake lever (back
wheel first and front wheel quickly after).
• Come to a smooth, controlled stop. Be as careful in applying your
brakes as you are in using the throttle. Never apply the front brake
by itself. The best way to learn the feel of braking is to practice using
both brakes.
• Keep your knees tucked in as close to the MOPED's center as possible.
This gives you better balance, more control and protects your knees in
an emergency slide or fall.
Apply the MOPED's brakes by slowly squeezing
the lever.
Keep your right wrist in a downward position
when you start the MOPED.
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• Slow down and remain seated to improve balance when driving over
gravel, sand, water, bumps and railroad tracks. By remaining seated,
you will be in a better position to put your foot down in a hurry if
needed.
• Always cross railroad tracks as close to a right angle as possible so
your front wheel will not catch in the groove next to the tracks and
cause a fall. In some cases, it may be best to get off and walk your
MOPED across the tracks.
• Place packages and shoulderbags evenly in baskets or saddlebags
mounted on both sides of the rear wheel, or in a frame-mounted
carrier over the rear wheel. Carrying objects over the front wheel makes
steering hard and dangerous. Never try to carry packages in your hands,
since both hands are needed to drive your MOPED safely.
• Driving on the shoulders of the road can be risky because they usually
are narrow and you may be forced to merge with traffic that is going
faster than you are. Also, shoulders are used by disabled vehicles
and may be littered with
glass, metal, gravel and
other debris. Do not pass
on the shoulder of the road
under any circumstance.
• Never drive your MOPED
when you are too tired
to drive safely or when
you have been drinking
or using prescription drugs.
Combine any of these with
anger or other emotional
problems and reckless
driving will result.
• Limit your speed to 25
miles per hour or less on
a level surface according to
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New Jersey law. Some MOPEDs may go faster than 25 miles per hour,
especially when going down a hill. This is important to remember
because you could receive a speeding ticket for driving your MOPED
faster than 25 miles per hour.
• Reduce your speed on narrow or winding roads and when approaching:
1) an intersection or railroad crossing; 2) the top of a hill; 3) a
dangerous or blind curve; and 4) pedestrians and other road hazards.
• Pay attention to road surface conditions - rough pavement, sand, gravel
and debris. And, slow down when conditions are poor to prevent skids
or slides.
• Be very cautious when crossing intersections because your MOPED is
small and hard to see, and it may not be fast enough to avoid other
vehicles.
Position is important
MOPED drivers are entitled to use a full lane. However, you should stay
in the right-third of the lane because the MOPED is a slower vehicle. Use
the left-third of the lane when you know you can keep up with traffic. The
advantage is that you're more visible to drivers in front of and behind you.
It also gives you a better view of
the road ahead. The right-third
keeps you farther away from the
dangers of faster-moving traffic,
but it makes you harder to see.
Never drive in the exact center
of a lane. Oil and grime build
up there, causing slippery road
conditions.
When turning right at an
intersection, keep as close to the
right side of the road as possible.
However, be careful not to allow
your wheels to strike the curb or
go off the road.
MOPEDs must be visible to other vehicles on the
road.
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When turning left, approach the intersection near the center line of the
road. Left turns from one-way streets should be made as close to the left
side as possible.
U-turns are prohibited on curves, near the crest (top) of a hill, or where
a NO U-TURN sign is posted.
Use hand signals
Signal with your left hand at least 100 feet before stopping or turning.
This is important because you cannot stop the MOPED safely with just your
right handbrake. Just before turning, return both hands to the handlebar as
both hands are needed to help balance and control the MOPED.
Timing is critical
Positioning for turns takes careful timing. For instance, when making a
left turn you should allow plenty of time to move toward the center line
of the road. Don't try to out-maneuver motor vehicle traffic behind or to
the side of you by swerving suddenly to the left. Instead, turn your head
to check traffic behind or to your side, give the proper hand signal and
move into position.
• If you want to turn left at an intersection and a truck or bus coming
toward you decides to turn left and blocks your view of oncoming
motor vehicles, wait and let the truck or bus complete its turn rather
Stop or slow Left turn
Right turn
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20
Keep a space cushion between you and everything else on or near the roadway.
than turn left in front of it. You may be hit by motor vehicles you
couldn't see.
• If you want to turn left in a busy intersection, but motor vehicles on
your left side block you from moving into the proper lane position in
advance, the best thing to do is to drive to the right side of the road
(after signaling properly), stop, dismount, then walk across the road at
the intersection when the traffic light changes to green.
• If driving on the curb side, you may be forced off the road by vehicles
turning right that do not signal. Therefore, stay far enough behind a
vehicle's right rear fender to see if the front wheels or turn signals show
that the driver is planning to turn. Start right turns where the curb
begins to turn, and stay in the same lane.
Keep a space cushion
To avoid a collision, you need as much time as possible to react. Try to
keep plenty of space between your MOPED and other vehicles on all sides.
Stay in the right-third of your lane. Make sure there is enough room ahead
to stop or pass safely. The space between you and other vehicles gives you
time to react in emergencies.
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Take bike routes
Bikeways are marked with the
standard green and white bike
route symbol signs. There are
three kinds of bikeways:
Bike Paths. A trail off the
roadway surface completely
separated from vehicular traffic.
Bike Lanes. Street, roadway
or shoulder treatment for
separate auto and bicycle travel
lanes designated by pavement
markings, signs or barriers.
Bike Routes. Roads with bike
route signs only. There is no
other provision for segregation of
traffic.
MOPEDs are permitted on
bike lanes and bike routes, with
or without the motor engaged.
Check local ordinances and
appropriate signs.
Since bikeways are used by
slow-moving bicycles and often
by pedestrians, MOPED operators
should take a protective and
cautious approach to these users.
Observe the sign for new bike paths.
Observe the standard yellow or yellow-green
bike crossing sign.
2
more miles
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22
Drive at night
Motorists will find it hard to see you, so try to avoid driving your MOPED
at night. If you must drive at night:
• Stay on well-lighted roadways.
• Wear light-colored clothing with reflectorized materials.
• Make sure the lights are on.
• Shift your eyes down to the lower right side of your traffic lane to
keep oncoming lights from hitting your eyes directly.
• Be alert for pedestrians.
• Drive on roads you know so you will be aware of hazards hidden by
the dark.
• Watch for motor vehicles that may pull out of driveways without their
lights on.
• Keep several car lengths behind the vehicle in front of you.
• Remember that when stopped, the motor runs slowly and your lights
will be very dim, if you must stop on a shoulder at night.
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Watch the weather
Avoid driving your MOPED during the first 15 minutes of a rainfall. The
road is more slippery because rain and oil form a film that prevents tires
from gripping the road. The film usually washes away after 15 minutes of
hard rain.
MOPEDs have narrow tires that slide easily on wet or icy roads — especially
when braking. If your MOPED slides, maintain your balance, direction and
speed. Do not apply the brakes or you will slide even more.
Allow more time to stop on wet roads. Brake and turn slowly when
cornering to avoid sliding.
If possible, steer away from manhole covers and painted road lines —
they are more slippery than the road surface.
Do not drive in the center of your lane. This area of the roadway is always
more slippery than the right side
of your lane.
Water in your eyes may
keep you from seeing properly.
Wearing a helmet with face
shield, or goggles, will help.
Use care on windy days
because your body and certain
items of clothing act like sails.
When hit by strong gusts of
wind, you could be forced into
traffic or off the road. When
large vehicles pass you, a vacuum
could pull you toward the
vehicle. Then, after the vehicle
passes, the wind may push you
off the road. When wind hits,
grip the handlebar firmly, release
the throttle, crouch slightly and
don't panic.
Turn the MOPED away from puddles. Drive
straight in a clear area.
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Know additional hazards
There are many hazards to look out for when driving your MOPED, such as:
You, the driver. It's fun to drive your MOPED, but one mistake could
result in an accident that could cause injury or death. Maintain a positive
attitude and drive only when you are alert and physically fit. This will help
you avoid accidents and get more enjoyment out of driving.
Motorists may force you off the road or cause you to stop suddenly.
Although you have the same right to the road as motorists, don't dispute the
right of way. Remember, the MOPED is small and motorists may not see you.
Also, sometimes motorists have difficulty judging a MOPED's speed.
Car doors opening may hit you or force you into traffic. Search and
scan ahead for parking or parked cars. Look for people in cars, front wheels
turning toward the street, and taillights. If you see a car door opening, or a
vehicle leaving the curb, don't swerve suddenly to the left. Instead, slow
down and signal with your hand that you are stopping. If it is safe to pass,
look behind to be sure other vehicles aren't passing you, then signal a left
turn with your hand, blow your horn and move to the left-third of your lane
Slow down before passing a parked car, give a stop/slow signal and keep the
wheel straight.
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(if it is clear). Allow space between the MOPED and the parked vehicle just in
case you are not seen or heard.
Animals, particularly dogs, may attack you or run into the MOPED. Slow
down and don't swerve into traffic if a dog runs at you from the side of the
road. Move away slowly. Don't kick at the animal or you may be bitten. If you
must get off, use the MOPED as a barrier between you and the animal.
People have the right of way
at crosswalks and intersections.
Watch for pedestrians who walk
out from between parked cars
and for blind persons. The law
says you must stop for a blind
person using a white or metallic
colored walking cane, or with a
trained guide dog.
Insects may fly into your
face and cause you to lose
control. Avoid rubbing a sting
while driving. Try to stop at the
curb, instead. Wear a face shield
to keep insects away from your
eyes and mouth.
Mechanical problems such
as engine breakdown or broken
spokes may cause you to lose
control. Keep your MOPED in
top condition. If a mechanical
problem forces you to push the MOPED, walk on the shoulder or sidewalk and
keep the MOPED on your left, or traffic side.
Bridges are unique problems for MOPED drivers. Before crossing a bridge,
determine the type of road surface. The road surface of most bridges freezes
before the regular roadway. Some bridges have unusual road surfaces, such as
Be ready to stop or yield when you see a blind or
disabled person crossing an intersection.
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26
steel grating or concrete slabs joined by expander joints that may bruise or
jolt your tires. (If this happens, rise off the seat and maintain your balance;
then pull over to the sidewalk or shoulder and inspect the tire and wheel for
damage.) Often, bridges are narrower than the regular roadway. You may be
forced in fast-moving traffic. Older bridges may have cement surfaces with
built-up patches that developed into large bumps. You may encounter strong
winds on bridges that cross large bodies of water or land.
Bridges that cross the
Delaware River into
Pennsylvania, or that cross from
New Jersey into New York,
usually prohibit MOPEDs and
bicycles. However, you may be
permitted to walk your MOPED
across. Before crossing, look for a
sign or notice explaining bridge
regulations or check with local
authorities.
Blind spots are areas on
either side of a vehicle's rear fenders. Because they are difficult for the driver
to see, blind spots are no place for MOPEDs to be. Avoid driving next to the
right rear fender of passing vehicles. The driver may not see you and turn
right suddenly or crowd you off the road. If you have to pass a vehicle, warn
the driver that you are in a blind spot by blowing the horn. You should
always keep your lights on to increase your chances of being seen.
MOPEDs also have blind spots. Sometimes you cannot see a vehicle
passing on the left in the rearview mirror. Therefore, turn your head often to
Obey the posted regulations on bridges.
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Turn wheel slightly to the right to go around
litter.
check for passing vehicles, and be sure to look back quickly before passing
or changing lanes.
Litter thrown on the
highway or shoulder by
thoughtless motorists or
pedestrians - paper, bottles, cans,
food, clothing - may force you
to swerve or skid. Avoid swerving
into traffic. It's better to run
over litter (except very large
objects) and possibly have a flat
tire than to swerve and be hit.
Some motorists flick cigarettes
and ashes out of windows. Avoid
eye burns by wearing a face
shield or goggles.
Blowouts affect your
steering. You will have to react
quickly to keep your balance. If
you have a rear tire blowout, the
MOPED may slide from side to
side. Hold the handgrips firmly,
keep the front wheel in line with
the rear wheel and maintain a straight course. Close the throttle and
coast (do not apply the brakes). After slowing down, you should pull
over to the side and stop. For a front tire blowout, you should hold the
handgrips tightly, maintain a straight course and shift your weight as
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28
far back as possible. This takes
weight off the front wheel, helps
keep the MOPED stable, and may
prevent you from falling forward.
Blowouts on curves or turns are
the most dangerous.
Stuck throttle problems
require using the cutoff switch
to turn off the engine. After
you have stopped, check the
throttle cable carefully to locate
the problem. Don't drive again
until it has been repaired.
Slides and falls usually occur
because the MOPED driver is
going too fast while turning. If
you find yourself turning too
quickly, put your foot down on
the same side you are turning
to prevent going down. If you
know you are going to run into
another vehicle, a wall or tree,
lay the MOPED on its side, lift your leg from under the MOPED and slide with
the MOPED. You'll prevent your leg from being trapped. Let the tires hit the
object. Apply the rear brake only and turn the front wheel in the direction
of the slide to bring the back wheel around. Protect your head by lifting it
as high as possible. If you can't steer to the side of the road or jump off the
MOPED, then use this technique.
Accidents
Follow the same regulations and procedures as other motor vehicle drivers
to render aid and report accidents.
(Refer to the NJ Driver Manual for these procedures.)
The top photo shows a flat tire; the bottom photo
an inflated tire.
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Answer sample test questions
The following questions can help you prepare for your written
examination (circle correct letter):
1. New Jersey law limits MOPEDs to speeds of:
a. 15 mph or less.
b. 25 mph or less.
c. 30 mph or less.
d. 10 mph or less.
2. You should never drive your MOPED in the exact center of your
lane because:
a. It is harder for other vehicles to see you.
b. It does not give you a good view of the road ahead.
c. It places you too close to faster moving traffic.
d. A build-up of oil and grime causes the road to be slippery.
3. When MOPED drivers must cross railroad tracks or dangerous
intersections, it may be best to:
a. Increase the MOPED's speed and cross quickly.
b. Drive extra slow to be sure you are seen.
c. Keep in the center of your lane.
d. Get off the MOPED and walk it across.
4. What must a motorized bicycle driver do at an intersection
controlled by a flashing red traffic signal?
a. Stop only if a hazard is present.
b. Stop at all times.
c. Slow down.
d. Proceed with caution.
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(1-b, 2-d, 3-d, 4-b, 5-b, 6-a, 7-a, 8-c)
5. When driving a MOPED, you must always carry your driver
license and:
a. Proof of ownership.
b. Insurance identification card and registration certificate.
c. Birth certificate.
d. Proof of inspection.
6. When driving a motorized bicycle over loose gravel or sand, you
should:
a. Slow down and remain seated.
b. Increase speed quickly.
c. Apply front brake only.
d. Apply rear brake only.
7. A MOPED must be registered:
a. Before it is driven on the road.
b. Within 15 days of purchase.
c. Within 30 days of purchase.
d. Within 45 days of purchase.
8. Approved helmets must be worn:
a. By the passenger.
b. When driving at night.
c. At all times while driving.
d. Only by those under 17 years of age.
Answers:
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Practice driving test runs
Here are some specific test runs and scoring data:
1.Turning/stopping. Tests your ability to control the MOPED while
turning and performing a precise stop. You will be evaluated on your
ability to stay within the path of the turn without putting your foot
down and stop safely in the painted stop box with the front tire of the
MOPED.
2.Cone weave/U-turn. Tests your ability to control the MOPED at low
speed while weaving through cones and making a U-turn in a
designated area. You will be evaluated on your ability to stay
within the path of travel without touching lines or cones and
without putting your foot down. Cones are twelve feet apart with a
two-foot offset.
Stop with front tire in box
Sharp left turn
Start
Over 500cc
Right U-turn
500cc and under
Start
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3. Braking. Tests your ability to brake quickly and safely. You will be
evaluated on stopping distance in relation to speed or travel.
4. Obstacle turn. Tests your ability to turn the MOPED quickly to avoid
an obstacle. You will be evaluated on your ability to stay within
the path of travel and turn quickly without touching a boundary
line.
When you pass the driving test, take your permit, ride slip, scoresheet
and permit validation to any motor vehicle agency. You will receive a
permanent photo license.
Begin braking
Start
Obstacle turn
Start
New Jersey
Locate MVS facilities
For MOPED written and/or vision tests
(MVS agencies unless otherwise noted)
Bakers Basin East Brunswick Matawan So. Plainfield
Bridgeton Eatontown RSC Newark Springfield
Burlington Edison Newton Toms River
Camden Elizabeth No. Bergen Trenton RSC
Cardiff Flemington AR Oakland Vineland
Cherry Hill Freehold DTC Rahway DTC Washington
Deptford RSC Jersey City DTC Rio Grande Wayne RSC
Dover AR Lodi Salem Wayne-Rte 46
For MOPED driving tests
Bakers Basin Lodi Rahway Wayne-Rte 46
Cherry Hill Mays Landing IS Randolph IS
Eatontown RSC Miller Air Park Salem IS
For routine motor vehicle titling, registrations and licensing (agencies)
Bakers Basin Englewood Medford Springfield
Bayonne Flemington Morristown Toms River
Bridgeton Freehold Newark Vineland
Burlington Haddon Heights Newton Wallington
Camden Irvington No. Bergen Washington
Cardiff Jersey City Oakland Wayne-Rte 46
Cherry Hill Lakewood Rahway Williamstown
East Brunswick Ledgewood Rio Grande Wyckoff
East Orange Lodi Salem
Edison Manahawkin Somerville
Elizabeth Matawan So. Plainfield
For routine MVS agency services, driver conferencing, and written
and vision tests: Regional Service Centers (RSC)
Deptford Eatontown Trenton Wayne-Rte 23
Legend: AR (armory), DTC (driver testing center), IS (inspection station)
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moped manual
24-Hour Telephone Information
and Assistance
General Customer Information
1-888-486-3339
toll free in New Jersey
1-609-292-6500
out of state
For License Suspensions and Restorations
1-609-292-7500
Customer service representatives
are available from
8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Monday through Friday*
For information on the TDD communication system, look in the
blue pages of your telephone directory under Motor Vehicle Services.
*Detailed recorded information is available
after those hours, seven days a week, including holidays.
