Portable Mini Wood Lathe Machine

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TRENDS IN ENGINEERING (IJITE) ISSN: 2395-2946

ISSUE: 61, VOLUME 40, NUMBER 01, APRIL 2018

Umakant Mahajan

, Mayank Patidar

, Shubham Viswakarma

, Shubham Wasnik

, Atal Singh

, Akash Khare

Ashish Chaturvedi

1-6

Research Scholar,

Research Guide

Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Oriental College Of Technology Bhopal.

Abstract -To achieve the aim of producing a functional Portable

wood lathe machine. We analyzed and as well synthesized the

different possible design solutions and concepts. We carried out

the analysis of different component part of the machine to

determine their suitable dimensions based on loading and

stresses due to them. We used available local material and tool

from workshop. We also made use of some machine tools in the

college workshop. Finally, the parts were assemble and the

machine test – run. To ensure the achievement of best

performance, interactive procedures, were carried out. The

material, labour and overhead costs were determined to get the

production cost of a prototype.

Keywords-portable mini lathe machine , drill, Methodology,

Design, Fabrication & Working of portable mini lathe machine.

I. INTRODUCTION

Lathe is one of the most versatile and widely used machine

tools all over the world. It is commonly known as the

mother of all other machine tool. The main function of a

lathe is to remove metal from a job to give it the required

shape and size. The job is secure1y and rigid1y held in the

chuck or in between centers on the lathe machine and then

turn it against a single point cutting tool which wi1l

remove meta1 from the job in the form of chips. An

engine lathe is the most basic and simplest form of the

lathe. It derives its name from the early lathes, which

obtained their power from engines. Besides the simple

turning operation as described above, lathe can be used to

carry out other operations also, such as drilling, reaming,

boring, taper turning, knurling, screw-thread cutting,

grinding etc. Lathes are manufactured in a variety of types

and sizes, from very small bench lathes used for precision

work to huge lathes used for turning large steel shafts. But

the principle of operation and function of all types of lathes

is same i.e. speed lathe, centre lathe or engine lathe, bench

lathe, tool room lathe, capstan lathe, turret lathe and

automatic lathe.

1.1 MINI WOOD LATHE MACHINE

Mini wood lathe is a portable machine of dimension

60mm*45mm*25mm and made up of using plywood, it is

commonly used for machining wooden or plastic work

pieces. So here we study the fabrication of a mini lathe

machine our machine consist of a drill machine( for high

torque) used to drive the lathe chuck. The lathe consist a

bed of plywood with movable arrangement, it is also

consist of a ball bearing which is allowed to free rotation

and support of job from the other side. It also consist a

holder to hold the desired tool and this holder can slide

over bed in parallel to axis of job rotation. We use chuck

attached to drilling machine shaft in order to rotate the job.

The machine is build to hold the work piece and move the

tool in sliding mechanism, so as to achieve a desired

operations. The machine outer face is design to hold the

work piece firmly with tool in place so as to achieve

desired operations with ease. Thus we successfully study

the design and fabrication

II. METHODOLOGY AND FABRICATION

2.1 METHODOLOGY

The device run with the help of drill machine which gives

rotation to workpiece . drill is located at headstock and is

main unit of portable mini wood lathe machine .

Workpiece is connected between a fixed head stock and

movable tailstock tool must be supported on tool most . As

it is manual type of lathe machine a human need to hold

the tool on tool post . By running the drill various

operations can be performed on portable mini wood lathe

machine . operations such as turning , taper turning,

grooving, champhering, fillet, parting, cutting, knurling,

finishing etc.

Design of portable mini wood machine

Selection of standard parts

Manufacturing and assembly of parts

Performing operations

Conclusuion

Fig. 2.1 Methodology Block Diagram

2.2 TREND IN LATHE MACHINE FABRICATION

The emergence of the lathe machine date back to an

unknown period, but it gained popularity between the

sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Then opticians used it

for cutting lenses used in the construction of astronomical

telescope. They modified the relatively rough technique

for special purposes. Artisans and furniture makers used

the larger lathes in turning frame works though the frames

were made of wood and had one or two headstocks

depending on the work being done. The wooden frame

made it inaccurate.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TRENDS IN ENGINEERING (IJITE) ISSN: 2395-2946

ISSUE: 61, VOLUME 40, NUMBER 01, APRIL 2018

Discussed below are some related lathe machines:

A. CENTER LATHE MACHINE

A center lathe is used to machine metals, by rotating the

work fierce mounted between centers against a cutting

tool. The tool can be fed both transversely and

longitudinally with respect to the turning axis of the job.

The tool can be operated manually or automatically and

many shapes as well as different works can be done on the

center lathe. Such work as cylindrically, eccentric or

conical shape can be machined. Also done on the center

lathe are threading turning and boring operations.

B. CERAMIC LATHE MACHINE

The ceramic – lathe is used for ceramic machining along,

though the operation is similar to that of the center lathe.

C. WOOD LATHE

The wood lather, just like other types of lather, it can be

used to carry out a wide range of machining operations, it

saves time and does not wed much skills as in the use of

hand tools.

 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

The continuous quest to have the problems of man and his

growing need solved has led to the establishment of

factories and others industries, which necessities an

intermediate technology. However, simple hand tools that

were in use before are no longer efficient for mass

production. In the same manner, the importation of wood

lathe machine, as a substitute for these tools, likewise has

failed to meet man’s insatiable needs because of our

unstable economy. Then, there comes the need for urgent

attention to a better and locally made wood lathe machine.

 PURPOSE OF STUDY

The design and fabrication of wood the lathe machine aims

among others thing at justifying a simple way of scraping

and cutting off wood at it’s hest quality at a minimum cost

of labour, so that the financial burden if people can be

reduced.The simple design and fabrication of this machine,

makes it viable, reliable and easy to carryout maintenance

services at the minimized cost

Equipment used

Table 1: Equipment used

S.no.

Name of

Purpose

Equipment

Bosch handheld

For cutting plywood

Cutter

Sand paper

For smoothning edges

Drill Machine

For drilling holes

Rip saw

For cutting small plysheet

Boring tool

Create hole for bearing

adhesives

For sticking parts

Spanner set

Fir fitting nuts and bolts

2.3 BILL OF MATERIALS

Details of the major components and the materials used in

portable mini wood lathe machine are listed below.

Table 2: Bill of materials

S.no

Name of

Component

Quantity

Specification

Price

estimation

Plywood sheet

3feet*3feet

800

2 Drill machine 1

Induction

machine

1000

Nuts and bolt

As per

requirment

NA 100

screw

5 adhesive 2

Araldite and

fevical

300

Universal

1 NA 200

Bearing

7 tools 1

Drill bit ,

trishul bit and

wood lathe

tools

800

8 Wood cutting NA

Drill ,broch

,cutting ,

groove etc

300

workpiece

wood

300

Transportation

And other

miscellaneous

NA NA 1000

TOTAL

4,850

2.4 Material Composition Plywood

Plywood is a sheet material manufactured from thin layers

or "plies" of wood veneer that are glued together with

adjacent layers having their wood grain rotated up to 90

degrees to one another. It is an engineered wood from the

family of manufactured boards which includes medium-

density fibreboard (MDF) and particle board (chipboard).

All plywoods bind resin and wood fibre sheets

(cellulose cells are long, strong and thin) to form

a composite material. This alternation of the grain is

called cross-graining and has several important benefits: it

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TRENDS IN ENGINEERING (IJITE) ISSN: 2395-2946

ISSUE: 61, VOLUME 40, NUMBER 01, APRIL 2018

reduces the tendency of wood to split when nailed in at the

edges; it reduces expansion and shrinkage, providing

improved dimensional stability; and it makes the strength

of the panel consistent across all directions. There is

usually an odd number of plies, so that the sheet is

balanced—this reduces warping. Because plywood is

bonded with grains running against one another and with

an odd number of composite parts, it has

high stiffness perpendicular to the grain direction of the

surface ply.

Softwood plywood made from spruce

2.5 MACHINE SPECIFICATION

An electric drill

A drill is a tool fitted with a cutting tool attachment or

driving tool attachment, usually a drill bit or driver bit,

used for boring holes in various materials

or fastening various materials together. The attachment is

gripped by a chuck at one end of the drill and rotated while

pressed against the target material. The tip, and sometimes

edges, of the cutting tool does the work of cutting into the

target material. This may be slicing off thin shavings (twist

drills or auger bits), grinding off small particles (oil

drilling), crushing and removing pieces of the workpiece

(SDS masonry drill), countersinking, counterboring, or

other operations.

Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking,

construction and do-it-yourself projects. Specially

designed drills are also used in medicine, space missions

and other applications. Drills are available with a wide

variety of performance characteristics, such as power and

capacity.

Universal Motors:

Universal motors have high starting torque, can run at high

speed, and are lightweight and compact in design.

The various applications of the Universal Motor are

Portable drill machine, Used in hair dryers, grinders and

table fans. A universal motor is also used in Handheld

power tools, blowers, blenders, vacuum cleaners, polishers

and kitchen appliances.

A universal motor is defined as a motor which may be

operated either on direct or single phase AC supply at

approximately the same speed and output. It is a

commutated series-wound motor where the stator's field

coils are connected in series with the rotor windings

through a commutator. It is often referred to as an AC

series motor. The universal motor is very similar to a DC

series motor in construction, but is modified slightly to

allow the motor to operate properly on AC power. This

type of electric motor can operate well on AC because the

current in both the field coils and the armature (and the

resultant magnetic fields) will alternate (reverse polarity)

synchronously with the supply. Hence the resulting

mechanical force will occur in a consistent direction of

rotation, independent of the direction of applied voltage,

but determined by the commutator and polarity of the field

coils.

Drill machine

Table :3 drill machine specification

Sno.

Parameters

Specifications

Nominal Voltage

220V

Nominal Power

Nominal Current

10A

High Speed

2000rpm

Low Speed

0rpm

Noise

No gear noise

Rotational Output

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TRENDS IN ENGINEERING (IJITE) ISSN: 2395-2946

ISSUE: 61, VOLUME 40, NUMBER 01, APRIL 2018

Bed of portable mini wood lathe machine

• Length – 50mm

• Breadth – 30mm

• Ηeight – 15mm

2.6 CONSTRUCTION OF MINI LATHE

Construction of mini lathe is very easy and economical. In

construction of mini wood lathe machine wooden

material(such as plywood and wood blocks), bearing, nut

and bolt drilling machine, fevicol etc are used. here we

replace the motor by the drilling machine to avoid belt

drive mechanism and also produce high torque. The major

parts of mini lathe machine are

• Bed

• Head stock

• Tail stock

• Chuck

• Carriage

 BED :

The bed of the mini lathe machine is made up of

plywood on which all component of the lathe is mounted.

It is rigid single piece plywood to support other active

parts of the machine. On left of the bed head stock is

located and tail stock is located on the right side. Carriage

is rest on the bed from left to right and vice versa. On the

top of bed a guideways is provided to slide tail stock .

 HEAD STOCK

The main function of headstock is to transmit power

to the different parts of a lathe. It comprises of the

headstock casting to accommodate all the parts within it.

 TAIL STOCK

Tail stock of mini lathe machine is show in the fig- it is

commonly used for the objective of giving support of

circular job being turned on centers. Tail stock can be

easily set or adjusted for alignment or non-alignment with

respect to the spindle centre and carries a centre called

dead centre for supporting one end of the work, The dead

centre can be mounted in ball bearing so that it rotates with

the job avoiding friction of the job with dead centre as it

important to hold heavy jobs

 CARRIAGE

Carriage is mounted on the outer guide ways of lathe bed

and it can move in a direction parallel to the spindle axis. It

comprises of important parts such as apron, cross-slide,

saddle, compound rest, and tool post. The lower part of the

carriage is termed the apron in which there are gears to

constitute apron mechanism for adjusting the direction of

the feed using clutch mechanism and the split half nut for

automatic feed. The cross-slide is basically mounted on the

carriage, which generally travels at right angles to the

spindle axis.

 CHUCK

Chuck is one of the most important devices for holding and

rotating a job in a lathe. It is basically attached to the

headstock spindle of the lathe. The internal threads in the

chuck fit on to the external threads on the spindle nose.

Short, cylindrical, hol1ow objects or those of irregular

shapes, which cannot be conveniently mounted between

centers, are easily and rigidly held in a chuck. Jobs of short

length and large diameter or of irregular shape, which

cannot be conveniently mounted between centers, are held

quickly and rigidly in a chuck

Fig :2.2 lathe machine side view

Fig-2.3 mini lathe top view (showing head stock, tail stock,

chuck, motor)

III. WORKING

3.1 OPERATIONS OF MINI LATHE

For performing various machining operations in a mini

lathe the job is being supported by any on method

i. Job is held and driven by chuck with the other end

supported on the tail stock centre.

ii. Job is supported by tail stock and other external

medium and tool is fixed in chuck.

By these two methods of job supporting, mini lathe can

perform following operations:

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TRENDS IN ENGINEERING (IJITE) ISSN: 2395-2946

ISSUE: 61, VOLUME 40, NUMBER 01, APRIL 2018

 TURNING

Turning is a form of machining, a material

removal process, which is used to create rotational parts by

cutting away unwanted material. The turning process

requires a turning machine or lathe, workpiece, fixture, and

cutting tool. In turning process the work piece is supported

in between the head stock and tail stock and metal is

removed by tool, proving feed parallel to axis of rotation of

job.

Fig 2.4– turning on mini lathe

 TAPER TURNING

A taper is defined as a uniform increase or

decrease in diameter of a piece of work measured along its

length. In a lathe machine, taper turning means to produce

a conical surface by gradual reduction in diameter from a

cylindrical job. Taper in the British System is expressed in

taper per foot or taper per inch or taper per mili meter.

Fig. 2.5 – Taper turning on mini lathe

 CHAMFERING

Chamfering is a process of removing the burs

and sharp edges, and thus makes the handling safe.

Chamfering can be done by a form tool having angle equal

to chamfer which is generally kept at 45 degree.

Chamfering can be done by supporting one end in chuck

and if work piece is long then both end is to be supported.

Fig.2.6 – Chamfering on mini lathe

 DRILLING

Drilling is an operation of making a circular hole

by removing a volume of metal from the job by cutting

tool called drill bit. Drilling process is done by fixing the

job or work piece in the chuck and the drill bit is in tail

stock, but in mini lathe the drill bit is fixed in chuck and

the work piece is fixed in tail stock. In the drilling the work

piece is fixed and tool is rotating.

Fig 2.8– drilling on mini lathe

 GROOVING

Groove cutting on lathe machine is a multi steps

machining operation. The term grooving usually

applies to a process of forming a narrow cavity of a

certain depth, on a cylinder, cone or a face of the part.

The groove shape, or at least a significant part of it,

will be in the shape of the cutting tool. Grooving tools

are also used for a variety of special machining

operations.

Fig 2.7– grooving on lathe machine

 PARTING

Parting uses a blade like cutting tool plunged directly into

the work piece to cut off the work piece at a specific

length. It is normally used to remove the finished end of a

work piece from the bar stock that is clamped in the chuck.

Other uses include things such as cutting the head off a

bolt

3.2 ADVANTAGES

• It’s a portable lathe machine.

• Wood and plastic can be machined.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TRENDS IN ENGINEERING (IJITE) ISSN: 2395-2946

ISSUE: 61, VOLUME 40, NUMBER 01, APRIL 2018

• It’s economical in use.

• Easy to design and fabricate.

• Very less maintenance.

• Its initial cost as well as running cost are less.

3.3 DISADVANTAGE

• We can not work for long time because of heating

problem

• Machining on a mini lathe take more time as

compare to other lathe machine.

• Finishing of wooden job or work piece is not so

good.

• Hard wood can not be machined on it.

3.4 APPLICATIONS

• It can be used for wood designing operations

• It is low cost as well as portable machine to use

• Design of wood and drill , bore ,etc parts can be

prepared easily

IV. CONCLUSION

Portable mini wood lathe machine has a good advantage

when compare to other manual machining process. We had

done various operations on mini lathe and found that it can

machined more number of job in same time in which a

carpenter do manually, its fabrication is easy and material

required in fabrication is available easily so everyone can

made it by himself for their use. Machining on mini lathe

was studied and found that it energy efficient and also

reduce human effort.

4.1 FUTURE SCOPE

Our project is simply a portable mini wood lathe machine,

which is electrically operated. Further modifications can be

done to improve the performance of the machine.

Modifications are as follows

1. Instead of fix tool post a movable carriage

can be made by rack and pinion operation

2. The size of mazhine can be modified

according to requiments

3. High power ac machine van be used instead

of drill machine

REFERENCES

[1].

https://www.quora.com/What-type-of-motor-is-used-for

drilling-machines

[2]. http://machinetools.bhavyamachinetools.com/types-of-drills

applications-of-drill-machines/

[3]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill

[4]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlywoodMetal cutting books

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