UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Faculty Association Collective Agreement
July 1, 2023 – June 30, 2025 161
Contributor. A person or agency who contributes to a scholarly work. Possible contributions include, but are not
limited to: ideas, expression, form, design, computer code, criticism, financial support.
Copyright. “The exclusive right given by law for a certain term of years to an author, creator, composer, designer,
etc. (or assignee), to print, publish, and sell [etc.] copies of her or his original work” [Source: Oxford English
Dictionary, WWW Version 1.1; for the legal definition see the Canadian Copyright Act]
Create. “To make, form, constitute, or bring into legal existence (an institution, condition, action, mental produce,
or form, not existing before)” [Source: Oxford English Dictionary, WWW Version 1.1].
Creators. Persons who bring into being works which are eligible for intellectual property protection (copyright,
patent, industrial design, trade marks, etc.) under Canadian and/or international law. By way of illustration, creators
would include authors, inventors, breeders, designers, composers, artists, architects, and the like.
Data. In the context of this policy, the meaning of the word data is assumed to include data bases, the results of
scientific measurements, the results of surveys, and the results of computational or experimental simulations,
together with a documented description of the format or structure of the data set(s) which would allow a non-
originator to use them.
Idea. “General or ideal form as distinguished from its realization in individuals ... Figure, form, image ... Mental
image, conception, notion ... A conception or notion of something to be done or carried out; an intention, plan of
action ... Any product of mental apprehension or activity, existing in the mind as an object of knowledge or thought
...” [Source: Oxford English Dictionary, WWW Version 1.1].
Industrial design. Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern or ornamentation of an industrially
produced object. [Source: A Guide to Patents, Industry Canada ISBN 0-662-20909-5, DSS Cat. No. RG 43-
23/1993E]
Informed consent. Consent given by an individual who has received the information necessary to allow a
considered judgment, who has adequately understood the information, and who has arrived at a decision of
consent without having been subjected to coercion, undue influence, inducement, or intimidation. [Adapted from:
the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) guidelines]
Integrated circuit topography. The three-dimensional configuration of the electronic circuits embodied in
integrated circuit products or layout designs. [Source: A Guide to Patents, Industry Canada]
Intellectual Property (IP) and Associated Rights. IP is a type of personal property which, by virtue of statute (an
Act of Parliament) or common law (based on precedence established in court cases), has certain rights associated
with it. These rights are personal rights which enables the person who holds them to do something, for example, to
exclude others from practicing or doing something with the IP. Notice that the rights themselves are distinct from
the IP which gives rise to them. Inventor. “Generally, anyone who contributes to the formulation and ultimate
expression or reduction to practices of an invention is likely a proper inventor, although each case must be
determined separately”. Simply following instruction is not sufficient to make one an inventor. [Source: John R.
Rudolph, Gowling, Strathy & Henderson, private letter, June 7, 1996]
Licensing an invention. Allowing a business or individual to manufacture and sell an invention, usually in
exchange for royalties. [Source: A Guide to Patents, Industry Canada] Members of the University. Refers to faculty
members), staff members, registered students and post-doctoral fellows at the University of Northern British
Columbia.
Patent: A government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention. A
Canadian patent applies within Canada for 20 years from the date of filing of a patent application. The patent
application is available to the public 18 months after [the first] filing. A patent is granted only for the physical
embodiment of an idea or for a process that produces something saleable or tangible. A scientific principle, an
abstract theorem, an idea, a method of doing business, or a medical treatment may not be patented, although
reference should be made to a skilled practitioner to verify what is patentable. A patent may be obtained for an
improvement to an existing patented invention. However, the original patent may still be in force, and an