ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 1
Advanced Content & Trade Content (ACT) Guidelines and
Mechanical Editing Rules v.6.7
0
General Points
1.
Punctuation and Word Styles
2.
Numbers and Scientific Units
3.
Hyphens, en Rules and em Rules
4.
Formatting
5.
Parts
6.
Chapters
7.
Headings
8.
Figures
9.
Tables
10.
Footnotes and Endnotes
11.
Displayed Lists
12.
Block Quotes
13.
Appendices
14.
Subject-Specific Styles
14.1
Maths and Physics
14.2
Displayed Equations
14.3
Inline Equations
14.4
Chemistry
14.5
Life Sciences and Biochemistry
14.6
Computing, Telecommunications (and Networking)
14.7
Didactic Elements
14.8
Civil Engineering (E&S)
14.9
Accounting and Finance
15.
References
15.1
General Notes
15.2
Wiley Reference List Style
15.3
Vancouver Reference Style
15.4
Harvard Reference Style
15.5
Authors’ Bespoke Referencing Styles
Appendix 1
Key
A subset of rules listed can be applied by vendors' mechanical editing tools. This is indicated in the right column as follows:
Partially or fully programmatic application
Not applied by vendor, part of CE
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 2
0. General Points
Gro
up
No.
Guideline
Vendor Notes
Mechanical
editing
0.1
Lists of figures or tables
Where lists of figures or tables are specified (via the Project Brief) as
required in the front matter, these should be auto-generated from the
main content not from lists supplied by the author in the MS.
Note: Generated by the vendor after copyediting.
VENDOR NOTE: Do not capture lists of
figures or lists of tables as XML
components.
0.2
Spelling: Style to follow
The spelling style to follow will be specified via the Project Brief.
The spelling of quoted material should not be altered without approval
of the author. Any obvious typos or errors should be queried with the
author.
0.2a
Spelling: Wiley UK style
Where Wiley UK spelling is required follow OED except where
superseded by list of internationally agreed spellings or reference
sources provided in Appendix 1
Where a word is not contained in OED (e.g. because it is a new coinage)
or in sources provided in Appendix 1 follow author preference.
Where the OED provides alternative spellings, default to the first form
given rather than any other acceptable variant.
0.2c
Spelling: Wiley standard style
Where Wiley Standard spelling is required follow Merriam-Webster
except where superseded by list of internationally agreed spellings or
reference sources provided in Appendix 1.
Where a word is not contained in Webster's (e.g. because it is a new
coinage) or in sources provided in Appendix 1 follow author preference.
new
0.2d
Spelling: Wiley style for German language titles
Im Wesentlichen gelten die KLCG auch für deutschsprachige Titel.
Grunlage für deutschsprachige Titel (Orthographie, Grammatik) =
Duden, aktuelle Auflage. ACHTUNG: Es ist möglich, dass es für spezielle
Fachterminologie Abweichungen vom Duden gibt (z.B. für E&S; vgl.
auch §14).
Weitere evtl. Ausnahmen müssen kommuniziert werden
(Project_brief). Bei Mathe-lastigen Titeln ist es möglich, die vom Autor
gewählte Auszeichnung von Symbolen (Font) beizubehalten, solange
diese konsistent und inhaltlich korrekt gebraucht worden sind.
ACHTUNG: Im Zweifelsfall nachfragen.
new
0.3
Cross-references
Cross-references to consecutive figures, tables, equations, etc. can be
elided, e.g.
See Figures 1.1–1.4 not see Figures 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4
VENDOR NOTE: include all IDs in the
references range in the <link>.
new
0.4
General style and spelling
• Where the ACT does not contain the style advice you are looking for,
please refer to the Chicago Manual of Style (CMS), 17e.
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org and follow the guidance
provided as long as it does not countermand the main guidelines.
• For ’Wiley Standard
’ titles please refer to Merriam Webster for
spelling advice: http://www.merriam-webster.com/
• For ’Wiley UK
’ titles please refer to the OED for spelling advice:
http://www.oed.com/
The copyeditor's responsibility is to ensure the accuracy of spelling.
new
0.5
Subject-specific style and spelling
• Where the ACT does not provide subject-specific style and spelling
advice please refer to the grid in Appendix 1. The grid provides a list of
approved external reference sources for each subject area. Follow the
guidance provided on the project brief as long as it does not
countermand the main guidelines. If specific style is not indicated on
the project brief, follow the author’s/contributor’s style.
• For titles containing mathematical or other subject-specific symbols,
we do not expect vendors to make extensive manual interventions to
the text in order to make style consistent with the Content Guidelines
rules, provided that the style applied by the author is logical and
consistent (or can easily be made consistent). Such issues may have
been identified in-house and instruction added to the Project Brief.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 3
new
0.5a
Subject-specific style and spelling
• Imposing the author’s/contributor’s style is acceptable as long as it
is consistent.
• It is acceptable to Wiley for the vendor to make the decision to
impose the style that is used most by the author/contributor for
consistency. There is no need to come back to the Managing Editor
for approval unless the Project Brief specifically requests that
approval is required.
new
0.6
Previously published material
Among the products that Wiley publishes are collections of previously
published material (book chapters and journal articles or portions
thereof) known as ‘anthologies’.
Note that this type of material would never be suitable for mechanical
editing but it still requires some standardized processing. This
information must be clear on the PB and any instructions about
copyediting previously published material should also be included on
the PB. If the information is not on the PB please ask the ME for
clarification.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 4
1. Punctuation & Word Styles
Gro
up
No.
Guideline
Vendor Notes
Mechanical
editing
1.1
Punctuation: Serial comma
Serial comma to be used only for books that follow US spelling/style.
apples, pears, and bananas
apples, pears, or bananas
1.2
Punctuation: Font
All punctuation, including parentheses and quotation marks, is set in the
type that precedes it (e.g. italic punctuation follows italic type). When a
quotation or parenthetical statement begins in bold or italic, but ends in
roman, the open and closing punctuation must be set in roman.
An exception is a list of items in italic (e.g. an author's books, or foreign
words), where the commas between the items in the list should be
roman.
1.5
Spelling: Centuries
Spell out the names of centuries (no caps).
The twentieth century not the 20th C., the 20th century, etc.
new
1.5a
Spelling: Centuries German language
Angabe von Jahrhunderten mit Ziffern: 20. Jahrhundert
1.9a
Trademarks and trade names: Capitalization
Trademarks and trade names should take an initial cap, e.g.
Xerox
Kleenex
Coca-Cola
Verbs derived from trade names should take a lower case initial, e.g.
tippex out a mistake
hoover the carpet
1.9b
Trademarks and trade names: Symbols
Where an author uses ® or ™ symbols these should appear only at first
instance in each chapter.
1.10
Punctuation: Quotation marks
Wiley Standard: Use double quotation marks, except for quotes within
quotes, which should take single quotation marks.
Wiley UK: Use single quotation marks, except for quotes within quotes,
which should take double quotation marks.
new
1.10a
Punctuation: Quotation marks German language
Zitate werden in doppelte Anführungszeichen gesetzt. Zitate innerhalb
von Zitaten werden in einfache Anführungszeichen gesetzt.
"Darwin benutzte den Begriff 'Evolution' zunächst nicht."
1.11
Style: Quotations
Material quoted should be roman not italic. But words originally
italicized within a roman style should be preserved in italics.
‘text quoted’ not ‘text quoted’
1.12
Punctuation: Single quotation marks
Remove straight single quotation marks; replace ' with ‘or ’ (as
appropriate).
VENDOR NOTE: Use ‘ or
’ as appropriate for single
quote marks.
1.13
Punctuation: Double quotation marks
Remove straight double quotation marks; replace " with “ or ” (as
appropriate).
VENDOR NOTE: Use “ or
” as appropriate for double
quote marks.
new
1.55
Punctuation: Arabic words
The hamza should be represented by an apostrophe, as in “Qur’an”.
The ‘ayn should be represented by a single opening quotation mark as in
‘ayn.
1.15
Punctuation: Quotations
Where quoted matter ends with a question mark or exclamation mark
place the punctuation within the closing quotation mark. No additional
terminal punctuation is required.
Sanders (1986) asked police officers, ‘What is the central and most
important feature of criminal investigations?’
Sanders (1986) asked police officers,
‘What is the central and most
important feature of criminal
investigations?’
1.16
Punctuation: Colons
Wiley Standard: text following a colon begins with a lower-case letter,
unless it is a proper noun, book title/subtitle, or introduces speech in
dialogue/extract, a series of sentences or a direct question.
For displayed lists following a colon, list items begin with an upper-case
letter, unless the first word always starts with a lower-case letter:
- l-Alanine
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 5
- Methionine
new
1.16a
Punctuatio: Colons, German language
Folgt nach dem Doppelpunkt ein ganzer Satz, wird der
Satzanfang großgeschrieben.
new
1.56
Punctuation: Possessive for names ending in ‘s’
Make the possessive of singular names ending in ‘s’ by using an
apostrophe followed by a second ‘s’:
Rawls's philosophy not Rawls' philosophy
Aristophanes's plays not Aristophanes' plays
Make the possessive of plural names ending in ‘s’ by using an
apostrophe only:
The United States' policy
Beverly Hills' transport system
VENDOR NOTE: use ' NOT
’ etc.
1.17
Punctuation: Acronyms
Plurals of acronyms do not take an apostrophe.
ABCs not ABC's
ABCs not ABC's
1.18
Punctuation: Acronyms
Capitalized acronyms do not use periods (full stops). For example:
USA, US, UK not U.S.A., U.S., U.K.
DNA not D.N.A.
USA, US, UK, etc. not U.S.A. or U.S. or
U.K.
DNA not D.N.A.
1.19
Punctuation: Acronyms
Lower-case acronyms, e.g. ppm (parts per million) or bpm (beats per
minute) do not use periods (full stops).
ppm not ppm. or p.p.m
bpm not bpm. or b.p.m.
ppm not ppm., or p.p.m;
bpm not bpm., or b.p.m.
1.20
Punctuation: Time
a.m. and p.m. – lower case with periods (full stops)
a.m. not AM or am.
p.m not PM or pm.
a.m. not AM or am.
p.m not PM or pm.
1.22
Punctuation: Abbreviations spelled out in full
Unless in standard international use (e.g. SI units, symbols of chemical
elements), abbreviations should be spelled out at first use in each
chapter with the abbreviation given in parentheses.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <term
type="abbreviation"> and <termDef>.
1.23
Punctuation: Contractions
Wiley Standard: contractions (i.e. words minus their middle parts but
still with their final letter) should end with a period (full stop).
St. not St (saint)
Mr. not Mr
Mrs. not Mrs
Ms. not Ms
Ltd. not Ltd
Jr. not Jr
Wiley UK: do not end contractions (i.e. words minus their middle parts
but still with their final letter) with a period (full stop).
St not St. (saint)
Mr not Mr.
Mrs not Mrs.
Ms not Ms.
Ltd not Ltd.
Jr not Jr.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <honorifics> to
capture titles (such as ‘Dr’) that
precede a person's name in metadata.
1.24
Punctuation: Abbreviations
Abbreviations formed by omitting the end of the word or words are
followed by a period (full stop).
Inc. not Inc (Incorporated)
Co. not Co (Company)
Mass. not Mass (Massachusetts)
Inc. not Inc (Incorporated)
Co. not Co (Company)
Mass. not Mass (Massachusetts)
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 6
new
1.57
Punctuation: Abbreviation of professional titles
Use Dr. or Dr (UK) for physicians and for scientists or others (e.g.
dentists) with a doctoral degree (PhD, DPhil or DSc).
Use Mr./Mrs./Miss./Ms. or Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms (UK) for dentists without a
doctoral degree and for surgeons.
Use Professor for professors who are still working or who have retired
but been made
Professor Emeritus (otherwise they lose the title ‘Professor’ on
retirement).
VENDOR NOTE: use <honorifics> in
the metadata
new
1.58
Punctuation: Abbreviation of qualifications and designations
Do not use periods (full stops) in abbreviations of academic degrees or
professional and religious designations, for example:
MBA not M.B.A.
PhD not Ph.D.
FRS not F.R.S.
RN not R.N.
VENDOR NOTE: use <degrees> or
<titlesAfterName> in the metadata
new
1.59
Punctuation: Use of small caps for BCE, CE
BCE, CE should be reproduced in small caps with no periods (full stops)
and a space after date.
386 BCE
Query any use of AD or BC with the author except in book titles in the
text or references list.
1.25
Punctuation: Abbreviation of number
The abbreviated form of ‘number’ is no. (i.e. it is followed by a period
[full stop]).
no. X (X=numerical value) not no X
no. X (X=numerical value) not no X
1.26
Style: Latinisms
Set the following everyday Latinisms in roman not italic:
i.e., e.g., via, vice versa, etc., a posteriori, a priori, et al., cf., c. (where
signifies circa, rather than ca.)
i.e., e.g., via, vice versa, etc.,
a posteriori, a priori
1.27
Style: Latin abbreviations
Latin abbreviations used in notes and references (op.cit, ibid, loc. cit) can
be retained.
vife supra or v. supra
1.28
Style: Latinisms
For less common Latin expressions follow the author's preference for
use of italics.
in vitro
in vivo
mutatis mutandis
VENDOR NOTE: Use <i>.
1.30
Follow author use for ‘e.g.’ or ‘for example’. Do not change in the text
even if inconsistent.
a
1.31
Follow author use for ‘i.e.’ or ‘that is’. Do not change in the text even if
inconsistent.
a
1.32
Follow author use of ‘etc.’ or ‘and so on’. Do not change in the text even
if inconsistent.
a
1.34
Punctuation after e.g.
No comma after, periods (full stops), lower case, roman font.
A comma, colon, or dash (and space) should precede ‘e.g.’ as
appropriate, unless following an opening parenthesis.
e.g. or , e.g.
not eg. Eg eg e.g e.g., e.g, or any other
variation.
e.g., or , e.g.,
not eg. Eg eg e.g, or any other
variation.
1.35
Punctuation after i.e.
No comma after, periods (full stops), lower case, roman font.
A comma, colon, or dash (and space) should precede ‘i.e.’ as
appropriate, unless following an opening parenthesis.
i.e. or , i.e.
not ie. i.e., Ie, i.e or any other
variation.
i.e., or , i.e.,
not ie., Ie, i.e or any other variation.
1.36
Punctuation preceding e.g. and i.e.
Use a comma where there is no verb in the phrase. For example:
…different fruits, e.g. apples, oranges and bananas.
However, use a colon before a clause or long list. For example:
Palmtop computers have the advantage of being solid-state devices: i.e.
they do not have moving parts.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 7
1.37
Punctuation: etc.
Period (full stop), lower case, roman font.
etc.
Do not use ‘etc.’ after only one item. It is acceptable to use etc. after two
items or more.
‘etc.’ is preceded by a comma if it follows more than one listed item, e.g.
‘apples, pears, bananas, etc.’
‘etc.’ can be followed by a comma (or other punctuation – except a
period [full stop]) where it makes grammatical sense.
Remove any second periods (full stops) after ‘etc.’ where this appears at
the end of a sentence.
, etc. not etc, et cetera, etcetera, Etc.,
Etc, ‘and etc.’, or any other variation.
1.46
Style: Foreign words
Words from foreign languages should be set following author's
preference for roman or italic. Query author if inconsistent usage.
denouement not dénouement
1.48
Style: Ampersands
Remove ampersands from the text, unless they appear in the name of a
company or organization. Some typical company names with ‘&’ are
John Wiley & Sons, Marks & Spencer, Ernst & Young, etc.
and not &
VENDOR NOTE: ‘&’ must be given as
the character entity & in
WileyML.
1.50
Style: Percent and per cent
change ‘percent’ (or ‘per cent’) to % where preceded by a number.
VENDOR NOTE: % is an accepted
character in WileyML, i.e. it does not
need to be changed to a character
entity.
1.51
Style: § symbol
All occurrences of the § symbol used to indicate a section reference
should be replaced with the word ‘Section’ except in Law titles where it
should be retained. Any other exceptions must be indicated on the
project brief.
Section not §
1.52
Style: Cross-references
Where specific chapters, sections, figures, parts, tables, etc. are referred
to in the text they should take an initial cap, e.g. ‘Chapter 6’, ‘Section
1.3’. Use lower-case ‘c’ for references to chapters in other books, e.g. ‘As
Smith says in chapter 4 of his...?’
VENDOR NOTE: Use <link>.The words
‘Chapter’, ‘Section’, ‘Figure’ etc. sit
outside the <link> tags.
Use <span onlyChannels= "print"> to
code cross-references to page
numbers that should only appear in
the print product.
new
1.60
Style: Cross-references
Cross-references to other parts of the text that do not include a
numerical indicator, e.g. ‘in the next chapter’, ‘see the following section’
should be given a specific number, e.g. in Chapter 3, see Table 2.2, see
Section 7.1.
Query cross-references to page numbers (e.g. see p. 192) with the
author as these will not work in reflowed digital formats. Replace with
reference to section or delete/reword.
Where chapter sections are unnumbered, references to ‘see below’ and
‘see above’ are acceptable but cannot be tagged.
1.53
Style: Cross-references
Except in indexes remove italics from instances of ‘see’
see Section X not
see Section X
see Section X not
see Section X
1.54
Punctuation: Nested parentheses
Avoid using nested parentheses but where unavoidable use square
brackets within parentheses. For example:
([])
([]) not (())
2.13a
Punctuation: Ellipses
All ellipses in text should use the three-point ellipses symbol, i.e.
…
A period (full stop) does not follow ellipses at the end of an incomplete
sentence. The first word after ellipsis points is capitalized where it begins
a grammatically complete sentence.
VENDOR NOTE: In WileyML
(horizontal) ellipses should be coded
as …
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 8
2. Numbers & Scientific Units
Gro
up
No.
Guideline
Vendor Notes
Mechanical
editing
2.1
Punctuation: Apostrophes in decades
Remove unnecessary apostrophes from decades, e.g. 1920s not 1920's.
Do not abbreviate decades, e.g. 1960s not '60s.
Decades can be spelled out, e.g. sixties.
Apostrophes may follow decades where used to indicate possession,
e.g. the 1960s
' cohort.
1920s not 1920
'
’s or
'
20s
2.2
Style: -fold
Close up ‘-fold’ to spelled-out numbers, e.g. twofold not two-fold;
hyphenate with numeral for numbers greater than nine, e.g. 10-fold.
twofold not two-fold;
10-fold not tenfold or ten-fold
2.3
Style: Numerals
Use numerals for
mixed numbers (an integer and a proper fraction)
fractions
ages
dates
mathematical terms
probabilities
ratios
numbered items (e.g. pages, chapters, ‘type 1’, ‘step 2’, etc.)
2.4
Style: Numerals and %
Use numerals rather than the words spelled out when used in
conjunction with %.
5% not five percent or 5 percent
VENDOR NOTE: % is an accepted
character in WileyML, i.e. it does not
need to be changed to a character
entity.
2.5
Punctuation: Thin space between value and unit
Insert a thin space between the numerical value and unit of
measurement.
except for ° (the degree sign for angles) when there is no space
between the number and the symbol, e.g. 90°.
24 g, 273 K, 24 °C
VENDOR NOTE: Use   between
the numerical value and unit. Use
° for degree sign.
2.6
Punctuation: Degree symbols for location
Note that there is no space between the degree symbol and the
abbreviation for North, South, etc.
52 °N
VENDOR NOTE: Use ° for degree
sign.
2.7
Punctuation: Scientific units
Symbols for scientific units are not followed by periods (full stops).
kg not kg.
mm not mm.
2.8
Punctuation: Scientific units
Symbols for scientific units do not take plural s (or 's, or .s).
24 kg not 24 kgs, kg.s or kg
's
24 kg not 24 kgs, kg.s or kg's, etc.
2.9
Punctuation: Scientific units
Note the ‘k’ in ‘kilo’ should be lower case.
km not Km; kg not Kg; l not L.
km not Km; kg not Kg.
2.10
Style: Scientific units
Units derived from proper names should be in upper case. For
example:
J not j (joule)
Hz not hz (hertz)
W not w (watt)
N not n (newton)
2.11
Style: Abbreviation of scientific units
Abbreviations for SI (Système International) units are standards and
should be strictly adhered to. Refer to:
http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/units.html.
new
2.11
a
For Ernst & Sohn: always use abbreviation for SI units in the text
2.12
Style: Subject-verb agreement for scientific units
Abbreviations of units take a singular verb. For example:
12 kilograms are but 12 kg is
2.13
b
Punctuation: Ellipses (maths)
All ellipses matrices (maths) should consist of three points
…
VENDOR NOTE: Ellipses in maths
expressions should be represented
using an <mi> element, rather than
<mtext>, since they take the place of a
term in the sum.
2.14
Style: Numbers starting a sentence
Spell out any number that begins a sentence. Reword sentences that
begin with awkwardly large numbers.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 9
2.15
Style: Numbers below 10
Spell out numbers below 10 unless used in conjunction with a unit of
measurement in the text (not tables).
5 kg not five kg
five children not 5 children
five days not 5 days
five weeks not 5 weeks
three months not 3 months
five hours not 5 hours
five-year-old boy not 5-year-old boy
Where the same sentence contains numbers above and below 10 use
the numeral for consistency, e.g.
Out of 16 children, 5 had packed lunches and 11 had school dinner.
new
2.15
a
Style: Numbers below 10, German language
Zahlen bis 10 werden im Text ausgeschrieben, sofern sie nicht in
Verbindung mit Zahlen/Abkürzungen von Maßen, Gewichten,
Währungen auftreten.
Die Regeln 2.15 und 2.16 sind inzwischen vom Duden gelockert
worden. Abhängig vom Stil des MS kann auch anders verfahren
werden.
2.16
Style: Numbers 10 and greater
For precise values of 10 and greater use numerals.
Where numbers are approximate words should be used. For example:
around five hundred
two million years ago
However where the number is approximate but more complicated then
use numerals, e.g.
about 2.5 million years ago not about two-and-a-half million years ago
around 1.3 million people not around one million three hundred
thousand people
new
2.16
a
Style: Numbers 10 and greater, German language
Zahlen ab 11 als Zahlen, außer wenn sie am Satzanfang stehen.
Die Regeln 2.15 und 2.16 sind inzwischen vom Duden gelockert
worden. Abhängig vom Stil des MS kann auch anders verfahren
werden.
2.17
Style: Number ranges
In cases where a range is indicated and the top value is 10 or greater,
numerals should be used. For example:
...9–12 eggs are laid...
Where both values are less than 10 use words. For example:
between three and five trees were planted in each garden...
Where a range contains numbers above and below 10 use the numeral
for consistency, e.g.
between 9 and 14 deaths were reported in each authority.
from 4 to 11 times in the course of the year.
2.19
Style: Numerical value starting a sentence
Where a sentence begins with a numerical value and a unit of
measurement spell out both the number and the unit. For example:
Five kilograms of toothpaste is more than enough.
not 5 kg of toothpaste is more than enough.
2.20
Style: Commas in numerical values
Remove commas from numerical values. For example:
1000 not 1,000
20 000 not 20,000
Not applicable for Accounting and Finance titles. Follow the subject-
specific rule 14.9.1.
1000 not 1,000
20 000 not 20,000
2.21
Style: Thin spaces in numerical values
Remove thin space from four digit numerals. For example:
1000 not 1 000
Not applicable for Accounting and Finance titles. Follow the subject-
specific rule 14.9.2.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 10
2.22
Style: Thin spaces in numerical values
For numbers (including years) with five or more digits (either side of
the decimal point) insert a thin space between every third digit.
10 000
0.000 007
20 000 000
Not applicable for Accounting and Finance titles. Follow the subject-
specific rule 14.9.3.
VENDOR NOTE: The thin space in
numerical values must be hard coded
( ).
2.23
Style: Number values
In applied sciences numerals of value 10 000 often appear as 1.0 x 10
4
.
Follow author usage and do not change in the text.
VENDOR NOTE: This should be coded as
1.0 ×
10<sup>4</sup>.
2.24
Style: Decimal points
Decimal points should always appear on the baseline.
1.5 not 1∙5
new
2.24
a
Style: Decimal points, German language
Statt Dezimal-Punkt = Dezimal-Komma
2.25
Style: Zero before decimal point
Precede decimal values below 1 with a zero – add a zero where no digit
appears before the point.
0.75 not .75
VENDOR NOTE: Do not use MathML for
numbers unless part of a larger
mathematical expression.
2.26
Style: No omission of digits in ranges
Do not omit digits in numerical ranges. For example:
1155–1166 not 1155–66.
Similarly for years. For example:
1971–1974 not 1971–74.
2.27
Style: Repetition of units in ranges
Do not repeat the unit in ranges. For example:
from 10 to 20 cm not from 10 cm to 20 cm
40–50% not 40%–50%
All units except % symbols should be separated from the preceding
value by a thin space; % should be closed up.
VENDOR NOTE: % is an accepted
character in WileyML, i.e. it does not
need to be changed to a character
entity.
The thin space in numerical values
must be hard coded ( ).
new
2.27
a
Style: Repetition of units in ranges, German language
Im Deutschen % ebenfalls mit Abstand zur Zahl.
2.28
Style: Ordinal numbers
Except for century names follow author preference for spelling out
ordinal numbers – first, second, third, fourth, etc. Query author if style
inconsistent.
first not 1st
new
2.28
a
Style: Ordinal numbers, German language
Ordinalzahlen können sowohl ausgeschrieben als auch abgekürzt
benutzt werden, abhängig vom MS-Stil.
2.29
Style: Ordinal numbers
In notes and references do not use superscripts for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th,
etc.
1st not 1st etc.
2.30
Style: Ratios
In ratios centre the colon between figures with a thin space on each
side.
2.31
Style: Abbreviation of currencies
Change dollar, pound, euro to $, £, € when used in conjunction with a
numerical value.
Copyeditor to specify which dollar (e.g. US$) where the meaning might
otherwise be ambiguous.
€5 not 5 euros etc.
VENDOR NOTE: Use the character
entity € for € sign.
2.32
Style: Dates
Order should be day/month/year without internal punctuation: 2
October 2007
Where a named day is given before the date use a comma: Tuesday, 2
October 2007
If year is not specified, follow same order, e.g. on 2 October he left for
Madrid.
Do not use ‘st’, ‘nd, ‘rd or ‘th’, except in quoted material.
For clarity – so as not to confuse US readers – always use 2 October
2007 style in the text rather than 02/10/07 or any variant.
Technical, computing and financial texts increasingly use the ISO date
system, where elements are separated by hyphens: 2014-10-02.
Maintain this style if used consistently within the text.
2 October 2007
not
2nd October 2007
2, Oct 2007
02/10/07
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 11
3. Hyphens, en rules and em rules
Gro
up
No.
Guideline
Vendor Notes
Mechanical
editing
3.1
Wiley requirements are listed below. If further advice required consult
CMS 17e
3.2
Style: Hyphens
Wiley style is to keep the use of hyphens in noun compounds to a
minimum.
However, hyphens should be used to connect the elements of
compound nouns where the absence of a hyphen would be absurd. For
example:
cross-section not crosssection
semi-infinite not semiinfinite
But:
cooperative not co-operative
coordinate not co-ordinate
uncooperative not un-cooperative
nonlinear not non-linear
Note that for multi-hyphened compounds, the ‘non-’ should remain,
e.g. ‘non-profit-making’.
VENDOR NOTE: Use the character
entity ‐ rather than the
keyboard character. No proximity
searching if it's not consistent.
3.3
Style: Hyphens
Follow author usage for hyphens connecting the elements of
compound adjectives.
VENDOR NOTE: Use the character
entity ‐ rather than the
keyboard character
3.4.
Style: Hyphens
Follow author usage for hyphens connecting the elements of
compound surnames.
VENDOR NOTE: Use the character
entity ‐ rather than the
keyboard character.
3.6.
Style: Hyphen use where double vowels or consonants
Use a hyphen to connect a prefix to a word where successive vowels
are doubled or consonants.
cell-like; anti-inflammatory
VENDOR NOTE: Use the character
entity ‐ rather than the
keyboard character
3.7
Style: Soft hyphens
Remove all instances of ‘soft’ or ‘discretionary’ hyphens introduced to
the text by the author to break words at the ends of lines.
3.8
Style: Em rules
Remove all em rules from the text and replace with en rules. Em rules
should only be used to indicate missing data in tables.
VENDOR NOTE: All en rules should be
given as – in WileyML.
3.9
Style: En rules
Use unspaced en rules in number ranges.
2–10 μm
pp. 126–128
Note that this should not be an em rule or a hyphen. In number ranges
there is no space between the number and the en rule.
VENDOR NOTE: All en rules should be
given as – in WileyML
3.9a
Style: Number spans and prepositions
However, note that numbers preceded by the words from or between
should use the prepositions ‘to’ or ‘and’ rather than an en rule.
From 1969 to 1973 not
From 1969–1973
VENDOR NOTE: All en rules should be
given as – in WileyML
3.12
Style: Linking distinct items
Use en rules to link distinct items or names for comparison or contrast.
Note that this should not be an em rule or a hyphen.
gas–liquid chromatography;
the north–south divide
VENDOR NOTE: All en rules should be
given as – in WileyML.
new
3.12
a
Style: Linking distinct items, German language
Zur Verbindung von Wörtern werden Bindestriche (hyphens)
verwendet.
Gas-Flüssig-Chromatografie
3.13
Style: Linking person names
Use en rules to link two names.
Note: Michaelis and Menten (and Robinson and Smart) are two
different people; this is not a double-barreled surname!
Michaelis–Menten kinetics;
the Robinson–Smart theory
VENDOR NOTE: All en rules should be
given as – in WileyML.
New
3.13
a
Style: Linking person names, German language
Zur Verbindung von Wörtern werden Bindestriche (hyphens)
verwendet.
Michaelis-Menten-Kinetik
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 12
3.14
Style: Parenthetic dashes
Use spaced en rules for parenthetic dashes in the text with a thin space
on either side of the en rule.
A parenthetic dash – an aside in the text – looks like this.
VENDOR NOTE: Parenthetic dashes in
WileyML should be coded as
XXX –
 XXX 
– XXX
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 13
4. Formatting
Gro
up
No.
Guideline
Vendor Notes
Mechanical
editing
4.1
Style: Italics
Use italic for the title of a publication, play, musicals, TV/radio
programmes, films, video games, ships.
The Lancet
Waiting for Godot
Kiss Me Kate
Strictly Come Dancing
The Godfather
Grand Theft Auto V
SS Eisenhower
VENDOR NOTE: Use <i>.
4.2a
Style: Web addresses/URLs
Do not underline a Web address/url.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <url>.
Do not entify keyboard characters
within the href attribute value.
However, the href attribute value must
conform to URL syntax and start with a
protocol (‘http://’, ‘ftp://’, etc.).
4.2b
Style: Web addresses
Do not use angle brackets <> with Web addresses.
see above
4.2c
Style: Web addresses
Display web addresses/urls in main text font unless alternative
instruction from PE.
see above
4.2d
Content: Accuracy of URLs
Verification of URLs to ensure the reader is directed to the content
intended should be done by the copyeditor and author queries raised
by them.
see above
VENDOR: verifies only if URL is
functional
4.2e
Style: Web addresses/URLs
Drop the ‘http://’ from a web address where the URL points to a
domain (in print and in the content of the tag).
see above
4.2f
Style: Web addresses/URLs
Use ‘http://’ etc. where the URL points to specific documents or web
pages.
see above
new
4.3
Style: Web addresses/URLs
All URLs should appear in lower-case but in-line references to a web
company can be in upper-case, e.g. He worked for EPSN.com BUT
www.espn.com.
VENDOR NOTE: use <url href="{full URL
with http prefix}">URL-as-printed</url>
new
4.4
Style: Web addresses/URLs
remove concluding forward slashes in URLs, e.g.
http://www.wiley.com/authorguidelines not
http://www.wiley.com/authorguidelines/
Note that web addresses concluding a sentence may be followed by a
period.
VENDOR NOTE: use <url href="{full URL
with http prefix}">URL-as-printed</url>
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 14
5. Parts
Gro
up
No.
Guideline
Vendor Notes
Mechanical
editing
5.1
Style: Parts and subparts
Where the chapters of a book are organized into higher-level sections,
these should always be called parts.
Parts can be numbered One, Two, Three, etc. or I, II, III.
An individual part may be divided into two or more subparts. Follow
author usage on what these subparts are called and how they are
numbered , e.g. Unit I, Section C, etc.
VENDOR NOTE: Capture part titles only
as separate components where they
contain text (other than the title or
subtitle and ToC). Use
<publicationMeta level="part"> where
the metadata for the part is different to
that of the unit, so for example where
different editors have edited particular
parts.
new
5.1a
Style: Parts and subparts, German language
"Teile" eines Buches werden by default mit römischen Ziffern
durchnummeriert.
5.2
Style: Part titles
Use title case for all part titles in the mechanically edited files.
Title case = each main word takes an initial cap, followed by lower
case.
Minor words of 4 characters or fewer such as ‘and’, ‘of’, ‘on’, ‘from’,
etc. take an initial lower-case letter.
Longer, more significant, words of 5 characters or more e.g. ‘Since’,
‘Through’, ‘Under’, etc. should take an initial upper-case letter.
Words following a hyphen should take an initial lower-case letter
except when word is a proper noun/adjective.
Note style (title, sentence case or caps) will be applied according to the
page design at pagination stage.
VENDOR NOTE: Use title case with <title
type="main"> (within <titleGroup> in
<publicationMeta level="part">).
Where letters must remain upper or
lower case, or italic or roman, such as
with pH or acronyms, use <fc>, <fi> and
<fr> as appropriate to assist with re-
casing and re-formatting when
required. Make 'fixed' codes visible in
the mechanically edited files for
validation by the copyeditor.
5.3
Style: Part titles
Remove any periods (full stops) from the end of part titles.
5.4
Style: Cross-references to parts
Cross-references within the text to parts – when used in conjunction
with a numerical indicator – must be upper and lower case, never
abbreviated.
see Part One not see part one or see Part one, etc.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <link> for cross
references. The word ‘Part’, ‘Section’
sits outside the <link> tag.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 15
6. Chapters
Gro
up
No.
Guideline
Vendor Notes
Mechanical
editing
6.1
Style: Chapters
Chapters should be numbered using Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3, etc.
VENDOR NOTE: To capture the chapter
number use <numbering type="main">
in <publicationMeta level="unit">.
6.2
Style: Chapters
Numbering should continue through the book; it should not start at 1
again with the beginning of a new part.
6.3
Style: Chapter titles
The word ‘Chapter’ should not appear in the mechanically edited files.
The page design will specify if it is required for the print version
6.4
Style: Chapter titles
Remove any periods (full stops) from the end of chapter titles.
6.5
Style: Chapter titles
Use title case for all chapter titles in the mechanically edited files.
Title case = each main word takes an initial cap, followed by lower
case.
Minor words of 4 characters or fewer such as ‘and’, ‘of’, ‘on’, ‘from’,
etc. take an initial lower-case letter.
Longer, more significant, words of 5 characters or more e.g. ‘Since’,
‘Through’, ‘Under’, etc. should take an initial upper-case letter.
Words following a hyphen should take an initial lower-case letter
except when word is a proper noun/adjective.
Note style (title, sentence case or caps) will be applied according to the
page design at pagination stage.
VENDOR NOTE: Use title case with <title
type="main"> within <titleGroup> in
<contentMeta>. Where letters must
remain upper or lower case, or italic or
roman, such as with pH or acronyms,
use <fc>, <fi> and <fr> as appropriate to
assist with re-casing when required.
Make ‘fixed’ codes visible in the
mechanically edited files for validation
by the copyeditor.
7. Headings
Gro
up
No.
Guideline
Vendor Notes
Mechanical
editing
7.1
Style: Headings
Use this style as default within the mechanically edited files. Section
heads will be mapped to the book’s page design at composition (either
numbered [single or double] or unnumbered, Wiley to confirm style via
Project Brief).
Prefix heading numbers with the chapter number, so for example, for
Chapter 1:
1.1 Level 1 Heading
1.1.1 Level 2 Heading
1.1.1.1 Level 3 Heading
1.1.1.1.1 Level 4 Heading
VENDOR NOTE: Use nested
<section><title>s.
Mechanical editing needs to be aware
of the heading levels as supplied by the
author and not change heading levels
to a sequential level order without
exception. This would be better advised
by the ME in the brief or by a query to
the CRS before copyediting. "Jumping"
numbered section levels to an
unnumbered level is a valid means of
devising importance of a piece of text.
new
7.1a
Style: Heading, German language
Für deutschsprachige Standardtitel bis Level 3 nummeriert, darunter 2
nicht-nummerierte Level). Level 4 kann auch nummeriert werden. Bei
Querverweisen sollte nummeriert werden.
7.2
Style: Heading titles
Use title case for all heading titles in the mechanically edited files.
Title case = each main word takes an initial cap, followed by lower
case.
Minor words of 4 characters or fewer such as ‘and’, ‘of’, ‘on’, ‘from’,
etc. take an initial lower-case letter.
Longer, more significant, words of 5 characters or more e.g. ‘Since’,
‘Through’, ‘Under’, etc. should take an initial upper-case letter.
Words following a hyphen should take an initial lower-case letter
except when word is a proper noun/adjective.
Note heading style (title, sentence case or caps) will be applied
according to the page design at pagination stage.
VENDOR NOTE: Use title case with <title
type="main"> within <titleGroup> in
<contentMeta>. Where letters must
remain upper or lower case, or italic or
roman, such as with pH or acronyms,
use <fc>, <fi> and <fr> as appropriate to
assist with re-casing when required.
Make ‘fixed’ codes visible in the
mechanically edited files for validation
by the copyeditor.
7.3
Style: Heading titles
No period (full stop) after the number in section headings.
1 A Level Heading not 1. A Level
Heading
7.4
Style: Heading titles
Remove any periods (full stops) from the end of headings.
1.1 B Level heading not 1.1 B Level
heading.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 16
8. Figures
Gro
up
No.
Guideline
Vendor Notes
Mechanical
editing
8.1
Style: Figures
Use double numeration as default within the mechanically edited files.
Use either single or double (‘decimal’) numeration in the print files.
Your Wiley Production contact will confirm via the Project Brief.
Single numeration = numbered through the chapter with Arabic
numerals: Figure number (Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.).
Double numeration = numbered through the chapter with Arabic
numerals: Chapter number + Figure number (Figure 1.1, Figure 1.2,
etc.).
Numbered figures must be cited within the text, raise as author query
where this is not the case.
VENDOR NOTE: <figure> is an
automatically numbered element. By
default 1,2,3,...will be generated for
this element, starting at 1 for each
series of figure with a different
<objectName> (that is, for each
different <title type="figureName">).
8.2
Style: Figures
No period (full stop) after the (second) number.
Figure X.X not Figure X.X. Figure X not Figure X.
Figure X.X not Figure X.X. Figure X not
Figure X.
VENDOR NOTE: The ‘Figure X’ or ‘Figure
X.X’ part of the caption are not included
in the XML. This will be automatically
generated by the rendering application
8.3a
Style: Figures
The word ‘Figure’ in the caption is given in full in upper and lower case,
bold, followed by number then quad space. Do not abbreviate.
Figure X.X (or X)
not FIGURE X.X, Figure X.X, Fig. X.X or any other variation.
Figure X.X (or X)
not FIGURE X.X, Figure X.X, or any other
variation.
new
8.3a
Styles: Figures, German language
In der Legende wird "Abbildung" abgekürzt
Abb. 1.1 Text text text
8.3b
Style: Unnumbered figures
Figures do not need to be numbered unless they are captioned or
cross-referenced in the text.
It is acceptable to have a mix of numbered and unnumbered figures
within the same chapter.
Partial numbering is applied in the following manner: if, for example,
the seventh figure in chapter 10 is the first to be cross-referenced then
this should appear as Figure 10.1 not Figure 10.7.
VENDOR NOTE: Unnumbered figures
should be coded using
<mediaResource> within either <block
type="graphic"> or <blockFixed
type="graphic"> according to whether
they are fixed or float.
8.5
Style: Figure captions
Figure captions roman. Captions can appear above or below the figure
according to the page design/series style.
VENDOR NOTE: The ‘Figure X’ or ‘Figure
X.X’ part of the caption is not included
in the XML. This will be automatically
generated by the rendering application
8.6
Style: Figure captions
A period (full stop) should appear at the end of figure captions.
8.7
Style: Figure captions
Use sentence case for figure captions as default in the mechanically
edited files.
Sentence case = start with an initial cap, all other words take lower
case unless letters need to remain upper case for meaning, e.g. pH,
DNA, etc.
Sentence case will always be used for figure captions in the print
version.
VENDOR NOTE: ‘fixed’ codes do not
need to be used in figure captions as
they are unlikely to be re-cased or re-
formatted.
8.8
Style: Source information
Where applicable, acknowledgement to the source of the figure should
follow on in a new sentence at the end of the figure caption, prefaced
with ‘Source:’ in roman.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <source> for the
source of any material published
elsewhere.
Include the terminating full stop within
the tags.
If the word ‘source’ (and colon) and/or
parentheses are required include them
within the tags, as the rendering
application will not generate it.
Similarly add formatting tags if
required, as the <source> tag will not
automatically generate italics, bold,
bold italic, etc.
For example: <i>The Financial
Times</i>, 15 May 2006.</source>.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 17
8.9a
Style: Figure parts
Parts of figures are to be designated (a), (b), (c), etc. in the caption –
i.e. lower case letters within parentheses – not (1), (2) or *, †, etc.
Parentheses enclose the letters that label the separate parts of figures
in captions and on the figures themselves, but not in text citations of
figures.
see Figure 1b not
see Figure 1(b)
Separate the descriptions of the parts in the caption using semi-colons.
The only exception is where the original artwork is a halftone and
cannot be relabelled. In such cases the captions and in-text citations
should match the labelling in the halftone.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <figurePart>.
8.9b
Style: Uncaptioned figures
Figures can be uncaptioned.
VENDOR NOTE: The element <caption>
is not mandatory therefore for
numbered uncaptioned figures use
<figure>. For unnumbered, uncaptioned
figures use either <block
type="graphic"> or <blockFixed
type="graphic"> according to whether
they are fixed or float
8.10
Style: Figure labels
Figure labels take initial cap only. Use caps only for proper nouns and
where required in acronyms and abbreviations.
Figure labels should be edited to match the style of the text for
capitalisation, spelling, italicization, SI unit consistency, unless
otherwise instructed in the Project Brief.
8.11
Style: Cross-references to figures
Cross-references within the text to figures must be upper and lower
case, never abbreviated.
see Figure 1.1 not
see Fig. 1.1
VENDOR NOTE: Use <link> for cross
references. The word ‘Figure' sits
outside the <link> tag.
new
8.11
a
Style: Cross-references for figures, German language
Verweise auf Abbildungen im Text werden abgekürzt (Ausnahme: am
Satzanfang):
Abbildung 1.1 zeigt ....
Wie Abb. 1.1 zeigt ....
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 18
9. Tables
Gro
up
No.
Guideline
Vendor Notes
Mechanical
editing
9.1
Style: Table numeration
Use double numeration as default within the mechanically edited files.
Use either single or double (‘decimal’) numeration in the print files.
Your Wiley Production contact will confirm via the Project Brief.
Single numeration = numbered through the chapter with Arabic
numerals: Table number (Table 1, Table 2, etc.).
Double numeration = numbered through the chapter with Arabic
numerals: Chapter number + Table number (Table 1.1, Table 1.2, etc.).
Numbered tables must be cited within the text, raise as author query
where this is not the case.
Resequence a table (position and number) according to the order of
reference in the text. Verify if this is valid with regard to context, i.e. if
the callout at the later reference in the text was correct.
Example: if the seventh table in chapter 10 is the first to be cross-
referenced then it should appear as Table 10.1 not Table 10.7.
VENDOR NOTE: <tabular> is an
automatically numbered element.
Insert a CE query when a table is
resequenced to sync it with its first
cross-reference in the text.
new
9.20
Style: Unnumbered tables
Tables do not need to be numbered unless they are captioned or cross-
referenced in the text.
It is acceptable to have a mix of numbered and unnumbered tables
within the same chapter.
VENDOR NOTE: Unnumbered tables
should be coded using <tabularFixed>.
9.2
Style: Table captions
No period (full stop) after the (second) number unless at the end of a
sentence.
Table X.X not Table X.X.
Table X not Table X.
VENDOR NOTE: The ‘Table X’ or ‘Table
X.X’ part of the caption should not be
captured within the <tabular><title>.
This will be automatically generated by
the rendering application.
9.3
Style: Table captions
The word ‘Table’ in the caption is given in upper and lower case, bold,
followed by number then quad space.
Table X.X (or X) not TABLE X.X, Table X.X, etc.
Note that if a table constitutes part of another text feature (e.g. a case
study, example or exercise) it may not be numbered, or may use a
different numbering system.
new
9.3a
Style: Table captions, German language
In der Tabellenüberschrift wird "Tabelle" abgekürzt.
Tab. 1.1 Text text text
9.4
Style: Table captions
Do not abbreviate the word ‘Table’ in the caption to ‘Tab.’ ‘Tab’ or any
other derivative.
Table 2.3 (or 3)
not Tab. 2.2
9.5
Style: Table captions
Table captions roman. Captions can appear above or below the table
according to the page design/series style.
VENDOR NOTE: The ‘Table X’ or ‘Table
X.X’ part of the caption is not included
in the XML. This will be automatically
generated by the rendering application
9.6
Style: Table captions
Use sentence case for table captions as default in the mechanically
edited files.
Sentence case = start with an initial cap, all other words take lower
case unless letters need to remain upper case for meaning, e.g. pH,
DNA, etc.
Sentence case will always be used for table captions in the print
version.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <title> (not
<caption>) for table titles.
If necessary re-case the caption text to
title case as <title> requires title case.
Note that ‘fixed’ codes do not need to
be used in table captions as they are
unlikely to be re-cased or re-formatted.
9.7
Style: Table captions
A period (full stop) should appear at the end of table captions.
9.8
Style: Units in tables
Units used throughout the table should be given in the title in
parentheses or in a column heading and not repeated in the body of
the table.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 19
9.9
Style: Column headings in tables
Column headings and row or ‘stub’ columns: use sentence case unless
letters need to remain upper case for meaning, e.g. pH, DNA, etc. No
periods (full stops).
Do not assume that the top line of every table consists of column
headings as not all tables have columns with headings; sometimes they
are just lists.
9.9a
Style: Casing in tables
The first letter in each column should be capital (unless shown as hard
lower case), Compare rule 9.9
9.10
Style: Column headings in tables
Number spans in column headings must not overlap, e.g. 0–100, 101–
200, 201–300 rather than 0–100, 100–200, 200–300
9.11
a
Style: Footnotes in tables
Footnotes appear below the table.
The table footnote text should be sentence case and end with a period
(full stop).
For table footnotes follow the page design. Where no instructions are
given, use lower-case italic superscript ‘
a
’, ‘
b
’, ..., not (1), (2) or *, †, etc.
Use lower-case italic superscript ‘
a
’, ‘
b
’ in the mechanically edited files.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <tableNotes> for
table footnotes; do not use a, b, c, etc.
in the content of the table footnote,
this will be generated by the rendering
application.
new
9.11
a
Style: Footnotes in tables
Tabellenfußnoten werden sowohl im Text als auch in den
Fußnoten mit a) b) c) gekennzeichnet
9.11
b
Style: Footnotes in tables
The sequence of note indicators should read along the rows, left to
right: a footnote indicator in the first line of the second column
precedes an indicator in the second line of the first column.
9.12
Style: Unit conversions in tables
Unit conversions are given in footnotes referenced to the units in the
column heads or in the table body, e.g. ‘
a
To convert J to cal, divide by
4.184.’
9.13
Style: Source information for tables
Where applicable, acknowledgement to the source of the table or to
the source of the table data should be given beneath the table,
prefaced with ‘Source:’ in roman.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <source> for the
source of any tabular material
published elsewhere.
Include the terminating full stop within
the tags.
If the word ‘source’ (and colon) is
required include it within the tags, as
the rendering application will not
generate it. Similarly add formatting
tags if required, as the <source> tag will
not automatically generate italics, bold,
bold italic, etc.
For example: <source>Source: <i>The
Financial Times</i>, 15 May
2006.</source>
9.14
Style: Tables
Dashes in columns indicating no data should be centred ‘em’ rules.
(See Section 3 for more on em rules, en rules and hyphens.)
9.15
Style: Text in tables
Text in tables should be ranged left.
9.16
Style: Numbers in tables
Numerical data in tables should be ranged on decimal point and
centred under the column heading.
VENDOR NOTE: <entry align="char"
char=".">.
Do not use spacing character entities to
achieve alignment in tables.
9.17
Style: Numbers in tables
Numerical data in tables: where five-digit numerals are also present –
insert a thin space in four-digit numerals for consistency and to ensure
alignment of columns.
9.18
Style: Units in tables
Where abbreviations for units of time are used in tables, they must
follow this format:
s = second
min = minute
h = hour
d = day
wk = week
mo = month
yr = year
No plural ‘s’.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 20
9.19
Style: Cross-references to tables
Cross-references within the text to tables must be upper and lower
case, never abbreviated.
see Table 1.1 (or 1) not see Tab. 1.1
VENDOR NOTE: For cross references
use <link>. The word ‘Table’ sits outside
the <link> tag.
new
9.19
a
Style: Cross-references to tables, German language
Verweise auf Tabellen im Text werden abgekürzt, außer am Satzanfang
Tabelle 1.1 zeigt ...
Wie Tab. 1.1 zeigt ....
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 21
10. Footnotes and Endnotes
Gro
up
No.
Guideline
Vendor Notes
Mechanical
editing
10.1
Style: Notes
Your Wiley Production contact will confirm via the Project Brief
whether to use footnotes, end-of-chapter notes, or end-of-book notes
10.2
Style: End-of-chapter notes
End-of-chapter notes should appear before further reading,
appendices or references (if present).
VENDOR NOTE: Use <note> within
<noteGroup> for footnotes and
endnotes.
Use <link> to link to the identifier.
The Endnotes section must have a title
‘Notes’ or ‘Endnotes’ <title
type="main"> as appropriate.
Always include endnotes within the
component in which they appear, never
as a separate component
10.3
Style: Note numbering
Notes should be numbered 1 – x throughout chapter, never with the
symbols *, †, etc.
Where we are producing previously published material we may end up
with two notation systems (original and Wiley's). ME will advise on
style for this via the Project Brief.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <note> for
footnotes within the text; do not use 1,
2, 3, etc. in the content of the footnote,
this will be generated by the rendering
application.
10.4
Style: Note numbering
The style of note indicators within the text is a superscript number
positioned after any punctuation, normally after the period (full stop)
at the end of the sentence.
10.5
Style: Note numbering
Positioning exceptions are:
Where the footnote/endnote relates only to text within parentheses –
the indicator should be placed before the closing parenthesis.
With parenthetical (en) dashes – place before the closing dash.
Where the footnote/endnote refers to a single word at the end of a
sentence.
10.6
Style: All notes
Notes should end with a period (full stop).
a
10.7
Style: All notes
Use sentence case for note text.
a
10.8
Style: Inclusion of references within notes
References (or further reading) should appear in their own sections.
If references or further reading have been embedded within the text of
footnotes or endnotes by the author, the Project Brief will make clear if
this should be retained and that, as a consequence, suboptimal linking
of references in digital products is acceptable.
a
10.9
Style: Tables in notes
Complex tabular material, lists, etc. may be better presented in an
appendix rather than a note. Raise as author query.
a
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 22
11. Displayed Lists
Gro
up
No.
Guideline
Vendor Notes
Mechanical
editing
11.1
Punctuation: Lists
If punctuation is used to introduce a list use a colon.
VENDOR NOTE: Take care not to use
<p> tags around <list> tags where the
list appears in the middle of a
paragraph.
Use the continuationOfRef attribute
where a list is broken (e.g. by an
intervening paragraph).
11.2
Punctuation: Lists
Lists which only contain items not longer than five words should not
carry any punctuation at the end of each item.
Lists which contain a mixture of short items and longer items (e.g. full
grammatical sentences) should impose periods (full stops) on all lines
(i.e. items) in the list.
11.3
Punctuation: Lists
Where the list is an extension of a preceding sentence the final item in
any list should always end with a period (full stop).
For free-standing lists (e.g. in boxes) which are not part of a preceding
sentence the final item should not end with a period (full stop).
new
11.3
a
Punctuation: Lists, German language
Kein Punkt hinter Listen mit kurzen Aufzählungsgliedern
Es gibt
• Schneckennudeln
• Brezeln
• Dampfnudeln
Bei längeren Aufzählungsgliedern kann Komma/Strichpunkt gesetzt
werden. Das letzte Glied der Aufzählung wird mit Schlusspunkt
versehen.
Ein Zuschuss zu den Fahrtkosten kann gewährt werden[:]
• wenn keine öffentlichen Verkehrsmittel zu Verfügung stehen;
• wenn eine Fahrgemeinschaft nicht gegründet werden kann;
• bei körperbehinderten Mitarbeitern.
11.4
Punctuation: Lists
Use dashed lists for lists within lists, unless there is a need for a
hierarchical (numbered) sublist, for example to illustrate subsequent
steps in the protocol of an experiment.
VENDOR NOTE: Do not use
style="custom" and – (en dash)
to achieve a dashed sub-list within a
list. Instead use a nested <list
style="bulleted" inside a <listItem> for
the sub-list.
11.5
Punctuation: Lists
The numbers or letters in a list can be identified with or without
parentheses. (Note that in the mechanically edited files the numbering
of displayed lists will follow one of Word’s ‘Bullets and Numbering’
styles and will be mapped to the appropriate design at composition
stage.)
VENDOR NOTE: style="1"; style="a";
style="i".
11.7
Punctuation: Run-on lists
In run-on (rather than displayed) lists use parentheses to enclose item
numbers. Use roman numerals (i), (ii), (iii).
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 23
12. Block Quotes
Gro
up
No.
Guideline
Vendor Notes
Mechanical
editing
12.1
Style: Quotations
Do not make any changes to quotations within the manuscript; they
should be reproduced exactly as they appear in the original. Retain
emphasis in the quote text as provided by the author. If there are
spelling mistakes or inconsistencies within the block quote raise as an
author query.
Punctuation styles may be changed to be consistent with Wiley rules
(spaced en rules, etc.), single to double quotes, etc.
Case of initial letter in a quotation may be changed according to the
context without use of [].
VENDOR NOTE: Use <blockFixed
type="quotation">. Take care not to
use <p> tags around <blockFixed
type="quotation"> where the quoted
material appears in the middle of a
paragraph.
To identify a quote, check if a source
line is present. Put a CE query if unsure.
12.2
Style: Displayed quotations
No quotation marks are used to delineate displayed quotations (block
quotes).
new
12.2
a
Style: Displayed quotations, German language
Blockzitate werden in Anführungszeichen gesetzt
12.3
Style: Displayed quotations
Block quotes should be set in roman, not italic.
12.4
Style: Quotation sources
The title of the source publication, when given for epigraphs, should be
italic and ranged right, beneath the display.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <source> for the
source of any <blockFixed
type="quotation">s.
Include the terminating full stop within
the tags. If the word ‘source’ (and
colon) is required include it within the
tags, as the rendering application will
not generate it.
Similarly add formatting tags if
required, as the <source> tag will not
automatically generate italics, bold,
bold italic, etc. For example:
<source>Source:
<i>Twelfth Night</i>, William
Shakespeare.</source>
Add <source> only when the source is
present below the quotation. If the
source is not clear, add a CE query
requesting to add any necessary source
tagging.
13. Appendices
Gro
up
No.
Guideline
Vendor Notes
Mechanical
editing
13.1
Style: Appendices
Appendices either appear at the end of the chapter or the end of the
book.
VENDOR NOTE:
- For end of book appendices use
<publicationMeta type="appendix">.
- For end of chapter appendices use
<appendix>
13.2
Style: End-of-chapter appendices
Occasionally chapters may have their own appendices at the end of the
chapter. In this case the number should appear as, e.g. Appendix 3.A,
3.B, etc. for appendices to Chapter 3. This, together with the title,
should be treated as an A head. Or alternatively Appendix A, Appendix
B, etc. (if single numeration is being followed).
VENDOR NOTE: Use <appendix> .
13.3
Style: Figures and table in end-of-chapter appendices
Figures and tables within these (chapter-end) appendices should be
numbered as follows in the mechanically edited files: Figure 3.A.1,
Figure 3.A.2, etc. (e.g. the first figure in first appendix at the end of
Chapter 3). If single numeration is to be followed for figures in the print
files, use A.1, Figure A.2, etc.
Use <label> with <figure> if figure
numbering is to be different from the
Appendix section label (i.e. Figure I
when the Appendix section label is
“A”.).
13.4
Style: Position of appendices
At the end of the book
Appendices appear before the references and/or further reading
sections.
At the end of the chapter:
If references are listed at the end of the chapter, appendices appear
before the references and/or further reading sections
VENDOR NOTE: Appendices situated at
the end of the book should be separate
components; use <publicationMeta
type="appendix">.
13.5
Style: Appendix numbering
If there are two or more appendices number them Appendix A,
Appendix B, or, if double numbering applied, Appendix 3.A or Appendix
3.B, etc.
a
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 24
13.6
Style: Numbering of figures, tables, sections within appendices
Sections, figures or tables within appendices should be numbered, e.g.
Section B.1, Figure A.1, Table C.2, etc., or, if double numbering is being
used, Figure A.1.1, etc.
a
13.7
Style: Numbering of equations within appendices
Equations within appendices should be numbered, e.g. A.1, A.2, A.3,
etc.
a
13.8
Style: Appendix titles
Each appendix must have a title, as for a chapter; and each must be
listed as per a chapter in the contents list.
a
13.9
Style: Appendix titles
Use title case for all appendix titles in the mechanically edited files.
Title case = each main word takes an initial cap, followed by lower
case.
Minor words of 4 characters or fewer such as ‘and’, ‘of’, ‘on’, ‘from’,
etc. take an initial lower-case letter
Longer, more significant, words of 5 characters or more e.g. ‘Since’,
‘Through’, ‘Under’, etc. should take an initial upper-case letter.
Words following a hyphen should take an initial lower-case letter
except when word is a proper noun/adjective.
Note style (title, sentence case or caps) will be applied according to the
page design at pagination stage.
VENDOR NOTE: Use
<title>Appendix</title> for appendix
titles. Where letters must remain upper
or lower case, or italic or roman, such
as with pH or acronyms, use <fc>, <fi>
and <fr> as appropriate to assist with
re-casing when required. Make fixed
codes visible in the mechanically edited
files for validation by the copyeditor.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 25
14. Subject Specific Styles
Group
No.
Guideline
Vendor Notes
Mechanical
editing
Mathematics
and Physics
(general)
14.1.0
If a MS provides an acceptable maths style variation used
consistently and correctly, we may instruct that this be
retained to avoid the potential for introduction of errors
when applying the standard Wiley style. We will make our
requirement clear via the Project Brief.
VENDOR NOTE: Use MathML to
code all maths content.
14.1.1
Variables and parameters
Typeset in italic, e.g. (a + y).
However upper-case Greek letters should be set in roman.
Two-letter variables, e.g. KE for kinetic energy, should be set
in roman to prevent misreading as a product of two
variables.
VENDOR NOTE: <mi>a</mi> will
render the letter a in italic. Single
characters captured within the
MathML identifier tags <mi> will
render in italic.
<mi>KE</mi> will render the letters
in roman. Two characters captured
within the MathML identifier tags
<mi> will render in roman
14.1.2
Vectors
No arrow above the letter – rather typeset in bold, e.g. (a).
(Most vectors used in physics are variable vectors; see
below.)
14.1.3
Variable vectors
Typeset in bold italic, e.g. (i).
14.1.4
Matrices
Bold capital letters are used to represent matrices:
Inline: typeset in bold caps, e.g. (I).
Display: set within square brackets.
(Most matrices used in physics are variable matrices; see
below.)
14.1.5
Variable matrices
Typeset in bold italic caps, e.g. (B).
Ellipses in matrices should consist of three points – ‘…’
(vertical or horizontal).
VENDOR NOTE: Horizontal ellipsis =
…; vertical ellipsis = ⋮.
Within mathematical expressions,
an ellipsis should be represented
using an <mi> element, rather than
<mtext>, since it takes the place of a
term in the sum.
14.1.6a
Sub and superscripts
Words and abbreviations
If a superscript or subscript is a word or an abbreviation,
typeset in roman, e.g:
x
min
14.1.6b
Sub and superscripts
Single letters
Most single-letter subscripts and superscripts and all
numerical sub- and superscripts are set in roman.
Exception: Subscripts representing a running number (e.g. n
in the sense of 1, 2, 3…) or quantities (e.g. P and V indicating
specific heat) are typeset in italic.
14.1.7
Differential d
Typeset in roman.
VENDOR NOTE: Use the character
entity ⅆ for differential d. Note:
use the short versions ⅆ, rather
than ⅆ.
14.1.8a
Mathematical constants
e.g. π, e
Typeset in roman.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <mi>. For single
character constants use the
attribute mathvariant="normal".
14.1.8b
Physical constants
e.g. speed of light c, Planck’s constant h, Boltzmann constant
k
Typeset in italic.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 26
14.1.9
Functions and operators
Set named (abbreviated) functions and operators and
trigonometric functions in roman. They do not take periods
(full stops).
e.g. log, ln, exp, sin, tan
(for a full list see CMS
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/book/ed17/part2/ch
12/tables/tbl002.html)
These functions are followed by a space, then the numerical
value.
However there is no space if the argument (symbol or
number) is enclosed in parentheses, brackets, or braces.
VENDOR NOTE: Use
<mi>log</mi><mo>⁡</mo>. Use
the invisible operator ‘apply
function’ (⁡) after the function.
Note: use the short versions ⁡
and ⁢, in preference to
⁡, ⁢
14.1.10
Symbols for scientific units
Typeset in roman. See Section 2 Numbers and Scientific
Units.
Abbreviations for SI (Système International) units are
standards and should be strictly adhered to. Refer to:
http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/units.html.
14.1.11
Ellipses
Include a comma (and space) after the three ellipsis dots
when the final term follows, e.g. x
1
, x
2
, …, x
n
.
Only ellipses indicating omissions in series or lists are set on
the line.
Ellipses indicating missing terms in equations are centred
vertically.
VENDOR NOTE: Note that within
mathematical expressions, an
ellipsis should be represented using
an <mi> element, rather than
<mtext>, since it takes the place of a
term in the sum.
Use the character entity … for
horizontal ellipses.
Use the character entity ⋮ for
vertical ellipses.
14.1.12
Fractions
Simple fractions in the text should be stacked vertically.
VENDOR NOTE: Use character
entities for common fractions (e.g.
½ and ⅓) where
available. Otherwise use the
MathML tag <mfrac>.
14.1.13
Propositions, theorems, lemmas, and corollaries
Should always appear as B level headings.
VENDOR NOTE: Use
<mathStatement><title type=
"mathStatementName">
Theorem</title> (for example) and
<objectName elementName=
"mathStatement">Theorem
</objectName>.
For statements, examples, outside
of math content, use
@role=”nonMath” on
<mathStatement>
14.1.14
Propositions, theorems, lemmas, and corollaries
These can either:
a) be numbered discreetly; corollaries are numbered 1–X,
lemmas 1–X, theorems 1–X, propositions 1–X.
b) follow an integrated numbering system; Proposition 1
would be followed by, for example, Theorem 2, and then
Lemma 3, etc.
Use double numeration as default within the mechanically
edited files.
Use either single or double (‘decimal’) numeration in the
print files.
Single numeration = numbered through the chapter with
Arabic numerals: Theorem (etc.) number (Theorem 1,
Theorem 2, etc.).
Double numeration = numbered through the chapter with
Arabic numerals: Chapter number + Theorem (etc.) number
(Theorem 1.1, Theorem 1.2, etc.).
Your Wiley Production contact will confirm via the Project
Brief.
VENDOR NOTE: <mathStatement> is
an automatically numbered
element. By default 1,2,3,...will be
generated for this element, starting
at 1 for each series of
<mathStatement> with a different
<objectName> (that is, for each
different <title
type="mathStatementName">).
Refer to rule 14.1.13 for
<mathstatement> use outside of
math content.
14.1.15
Propositions, theorems, lemmas, and corollaries
These do not need additional titles. However, if author has
included, please retain.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <mathDetail> to
code any optional attribution or
date following the theorem number,
but preceding the statement of the
theorem (or lemma etc.).
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 27
14.1.16
Proofs
These are un-numbered.
VENDOR NOTE: Use
<mathStatement
numbered="no"><title type=
"mathStatementName">
Proof</title> and <objectName
elementName=
"mathStatement">Proof
</objectName>.
14.1.17
Definitions
These can either be
a) numbered, or
b) unnumbered.
If numbered, use double numeration as default within the
mechanically edited files.
If numbered, use either single or double (‘decimal’)
numeration in the print files.
Single numeration = numbered through the chapter with
Arabic numerals: Definition (etc.) number (Definition 1,
Definition 2, etc.).
Double numeration = numbered through the chapter with
Arabic numerals: Chapter number + Definition (etc.) number
(Definition 1.1, Definition 1.2, etc.).
Your Wiley Production contact will confirm via the project
brief.
VENDOR NOTE: Use
<mathStatement><title type=
"mathStatementName">
Definition</title> and <objectName
elementName=
"mathStatement">Definition
</objectName>.
Additional parenthetical
information following the statement
of the definition should be coded
with <mathDetail>.
Refer to rule 14.1.13 for
<mathstatement> use outside of
math content.
14.1.18
Exercises
In some book series Exercises are collected at the end of the
chapter and given an A level heading. They will be
numbered/unnumbered according to series style.
Your Wiley contact will confirm these details via the project
brief.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <exercise> in
<exerciseSection>
14.1.19
Exercises
These can also be integrated into the text, in which case they
would be given B head status.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <exercise>
14.1.20
Lists
Use (a) (b) (c), etc. for items in lists in maths books, or books
with high mathematical content, rather than (1) (2) (3) as
too many numerals in the text could be confusing for the
reader.
VENDOR NOTE:
<list style="a">.
14.1.21
Hyphens
Note the special hyphenation conventions in maths –
nonparametric, nonlinear, coordinate – these terms have
particular meaning in this form
Displayed
equations
14.2.1
Displayed equations
Displayed equations that are either significant and/or cross-
referenced in the work, must be numbered consecutively
within the chapter (not the book).
Use double numeration as default within the mechanically
edited files.
Use either single or double (‘decimal’) numeration in the
print files. Your ME will confirm this via the project brief.
Single numeration = numbered through the chapter with
Arabic numerals: Equation number, e.g. Equation 1, (1),
Equation 2, (2), etc.
Double numeration = numbered through the chapter with
Arabic numerals: Chapter number + Equation number, e.g.
Equation 1.1, (1.1), Equation 1.2, (1.2), etc.
VENDOR NOTE: Use MathML to code all
displayed equations.
new
14.2.10
Unnumbered equations
Equations do not need to be numbered unless they are
cross-referenced in the text.
It is acceptable to have a mix of numbered and unnumbered
equations within the same chapter.
Partial numbering is applied in the following manner: if, for
example, the seventh equation in chapter 10 is the first to be
cross-referenced then this should appear as Equation 10.1
not Equation 10.7.
VENDOR NOTE: use numbered="no" on
unnumbered equations
14.2.2
Equation identifiers
These should be to the right of the equation, flush with the
right-hand margin.
VENDOR NOTE: Do not include the
equation number in the XML unless it is
irregular; regular numbering will be
generated by the rendering application.
For irregular numbering, such as (3b),
use <label>.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 28
14.2.3
Equations running over more than one line
If an equation occupies more than one line, the number
should be placed on the last line.
14.2.4
Equations in maths and statistics titles
Equations should be punctuated as if text. Use appropriate
punctuation to introduce the equation, separate expressions
and at the end of the equation as appropriate.
14.2.5
Equations in chemistry, telecoms and engineering titles
Equations should not be punctuated as if text.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <displayedItem
type=”chemicalReaction”> for
chemical equations. Use <mtext>
rather than <mi> for chemical
symbols within MathML.
14.2.6
Stacked fractions
Use stacked fractions in display. Don’t use soliduses (e.g.
a/bx), or negative superscripts (e.g. a(bx)
-1
).
new
14.2.6a
For Ernst&Sohn: exceptions may apply for works based on or
extracted from standards (DIN). Standard texts have a
normative status and may not be altered.
Sections/chapters to be excluded mechanical editing and CE
will be specified by editorial in the manuscript handed over
to production and in the Project Brief.
14.2.7
Line breaks in displayed equations
If displayed equations break try to break them before an
operation symbol (e.g. = < > + - x) that follows a bracket.
Fractions, matrices and expressions contained within
brackets should not be broken if at all possible.
14.2.8
Brackets/fences
Order of brackets/fences is as follows – {[()]} – starting with
() and working from the inside out. Brackets should normally
appear in pairs, where a closing bracket is missing raise an
author query.
14.2.9
Cross-references to equations
The term ‘Equation’ is abbreviated except when at the
beginning of a sentence.
The terms ‘Equation’ and ‘Eq’ are used with an initial cap
and the equation number given in parentheses.
For example:
Equation (1.1) shows….
As shown in Eqs. (1.1) and (1.3)
Inline
equations
14.3.1
In-line equations
Avoid in-line expressions that require lines of type to spread
– i.e. overbars, summation signs, stacked fractions, etc.
Either set in display rather than in-line, or, if the fraction is
more complex and cannot be stacked as a single character,
use negative superscripts, e.g. a(bx)
-1
.
VENDOR NOTE: Use MathML to
code all inline mathematical
expressions.
14.3.2
Breaking in-line equations
Avoid breaking equations in line – rather display them.
14.3.3
Negative superscripts
Use negative superscripts in preference to soliduses, i.e.
follow SI specifications.
Refer to: http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/units.html.
Chemistry
14.4.1
Forms of elements
For ions, radicals, or atomic particles, use the following
notation:
Left superscript for mass number, isotopes:
14
C,
238
U
Left subscript for atomic number:
17
Cl
Right superscript for ionic charge: Na
+
, Ca
2+
(not Ca
++
)
Charges should be to the right of any superscripts: Cl
—
, Fe
3+
Right superscript for excited states: H*
Right subscript for number of atoms/ions: H
2
O, SO
4
2–
Raised (larger) dots for free radicals: H
3
CH
2
C
•
Centred dots for additional compounds: Na
2
SO
4
∙10H
2
O
For oxidations status, close up in parentheses to word or
symbol: iron(II), Fe(III).
For isotopic substitution, the number and symbols may be
enclosed in square brackets closed up to the compound:
[
15
N]alanine, [
14
C
2
]glycolic acid.
VENDOR NOTE: Use the character entity
&freerad; for radicals. Use ·
for centred dots
14.4.2
Inorganic chemistry
Compounds consist of two or three words.
Do not hyphenate compounds even as an adjective, e.g.
sodium hydroxide, potassium titanium oxide, and potassium
chloride solution.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 29
14.4.3
Organic chemistry
Most organic compounds can be correctly named in several
ways. A large number are formed by substituting a simple
compound and are written as one word with one of the
following suffixes:
ane hexane
ene 2-butene
yne propyne
ol 1-pentanol
al 3-chlorobutanal
one methanone
aldehyde acrylaldehyde
thiol propanethiol
amine diphenylamine
imine 1-hexanimine
amide succinamide
imide pentanimide
amidine ethanediamidine
nitrile hexanenitrile
Nonlinking forms are compound names of two or three
words:
acid benzoic acid
alcohol ethyl alcohol
anhydride benzoic anhydride
azide pentanoyl azide
ether dibutyl ether
ketone dimethyl ketone
lactone 4-mercaptobutanoic lactone
sulfide diisobutyl sulfide
Substitutions into simple compounds give a new compound.
Numbers and locants are needed to describe the new
compound in relation to the old compound.
For a complete reference see the ACS Style Guide
http://pubs.acs.org/isbn/9780841239999
14.4.4a
Locants
Use the following to determine hyphen, number and symbol
placement:
Positions can be given by a number followed by a hyphen:
1-chloro-3-nitropropane
1,3,5-tribromobenzene
4,4′,4″-nitrilotribenzoic acid
No space round the separating comma if present.
VENDOR NOTE: Use ‐ not
the keyboard hyphen.
Use prime and double prime
(′ and ″). Do not use
quote marks or asterisks here.
14.4.4b
Locants
When an attachment to an element other than carbon is
made, use an italic element symbol:
N-ethylaniline
O,O,S-triethyl phosphorodithioate
2H-indene
VENDOR NOTE: It is appropriate to
use the element <i> in this instance.
14.4.4c
Locants
For steroids and complicated compounds such as fused
rings, a number plus Greek letter or a lowercase Roman
letter can be used:
17β-estradiol
10,12,12a-naphthacene
VENDOR NOTE: Use isogrk3 for
mathematical/ technical symbols.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 30
14.4.4.d
Locants
Use an italic letter prefix abbreviation followed by a hyphen
in these cases:
ac-, ar-
as- (unsym)-, s- (sym)-
cis-, trans-, meso-
endo-, exo-
gem-, vic-, v-
myo-
m-, meta-
o-, ortho-
p-, para-
n-, sec-, tert-
syn-, anti-
Notes:
These terms are roman when used in a general sense, e.g. ‘a
cis isomer’.
When used in enzyme nomenclature, ‘endo’ and ‘exo’ have
different meanings and are roman and closed up to the
compound, e.g. ‘endopeptidase’.
Do not capitalize a lower-case abbreviation where it begins a
sentence. The following word should be capitalized.
VENDOR NOTE: Note that it is
appropriate to use the element <i>
in this instance.
14.4.4.e
Use optical rotation designations in these cases:
D-, L-, or d-, l-
Note: Optical isomers D- and L- are set in small caps.
(E)-, (Z)-
(R)-, (S)-
erythro-, threo-
Note: Prefixes with a capital letter do not count as the
sentence initial cap. For example ‘
D-Aspartame is
associated…’ not ‘D-aspartame is associated…’.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <sc> to hard
code the small caps. Make fixed
codes visible in the mechanically
edited files for validation by the
copyeditor.
It is appropriate to use the element
<i> in this instance to achieve the
desired rendering.
14.4.4f
Locants
These positional/structural prefixes are always set roman
and closed up to the group name:
iso...
neo...
cyclo...
bicyclo...
spiro...
e.g. cyclopropane, isobutane, neopentane, etc.
14.4.5
Number of atoms, groups, or rings
The number of atoms, groups, or rings is given by a roman
prefix and closed up, as in the table below.
Cyclic compounds form bridges; locants are represented as
numbers or italic letters in brackets, e.g.
bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 8,8-dimethylbicyclo[3.2.1]octane and
1H-benzo[a]cyclopent[j]anthracene.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 31
14.4.6a
Polymers
The prefix poly, followed by the monomer, is closed up to
make one word.
polystyrene
polyethylene
Use parentheses for complex names:
poly(1,2-ethanediol)
poly(vinyl chloride)
Polymers can be designated as copolymers (two together)
and are noted as follows:
poly[(methyl methacrylate)-co-styrene]
The prefix co- can be replaced by alt-, g-, or b-, e.g.:
poly[(methyl methacrylate)-b-(styrene-co-buadiene)]
VENDOR NOTE: It is appropriate to
use the element <i> in this instance
to achieve the desired rendering.
14.4.6b
Abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols
These should be spelled out at the first mention in each
chapter and should then be abbreviated using ACS
conventions. For example:
dimethylformamide DMF
ethylene dimethacrylate EDMA
See the ACS Style Guide for a complete list:
http://pubs.acs.org/isbn/9780841239999
Use <term type="abbrev"> and
<termDef>.
Use – not ‐.
Use the character entity γ
for γ.
Use small caps <sc> around L.
Use isogrk3 for mathematical/
technical symbols. Do not use <i>
around γ, α, etc. The
characters are already italicized
when they are rendered.
14.4.7a
Concentrations
The amount of a compound is indicated as follows. Use a
roman letter with a thin space before and after:
1.5 M HCl (molar)
0.5 N HCl (normal)
0.5 F HCl (formal)
Use an italic ‘m’ with a thin space before and after for molal:
0.3 m HCl (molal)
Do not use hyphenation with compounds: ‘a 1.5 M HCl
solution’ NOT ‘a 1.5-M HCl solution’.
new
14.4.7a
Concentrations, German language
In Zusammensetzung von Zahlen + Einheiten und Wörtern
Bindestrich vor Wort (nicht zwischen Zahl und Einheit)
setzen.
60 cm-Bildröhre
400 kD-Protein
14.4.7b
Compound percentages
The percentage of a compound should also indicate the
measurement used, e.g. 10% w/v HCl.
VENDOR NOTE: % is an accepted
character in WileyML, i.e. it does
not need to be changed to a
character entity.
14.4.8
Maths and reaction marking
Use roman for subscripts that are words: H
acid
.
Use a thin space after a number designating number of
molecules, e.g. 3 KCl.
14.4.9a
Aggregation symbols
Use aggregation symbols on line in equations that designate
state (gas, liquid, solid, etc.) e.g.:
Steam: H
2
O (g)
Water: H
2
O (l)
Ice: H
2
O (s)
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 32
14.4.9b
Thermodynamic changes
Thermodynamic changes are indicated by a capital delta
before the corresponding thermodynamic symbol.
14.4.11
Elements
Elements are set in roman, e.g. K, H
2
SO
4
.
14.4.12
Mixing symbols and words
Do not mix symbols and words, e.g. ‘potassium chloride’ not
‘K chloride’.
14.4.13
Names in symbols
Names can be given in symbols or spelled out. Ensure they
are spelled out after the first occurrence (in each chapter) of
any symbol. For example:
KCl
2
(potassium chloride)
14.4.14
Methyl
Use CH
3
in place of Me for methyl; use Ch
3
Cl in place of MeCl
for methyl chloride.
14.4.15
Orbitals
s, p, d, and f should be roman.
14.4.16
Formulas/structures
These are numbered with bold Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3, etc.
14.4.17
Schemes
Use double numeration as default within the mechanically
edited files.
Use either single or double (‘decimal’) numeration in the
print files. Your ME will confirm this via the project brief.
Cross-references within the text to schemes must be upper
and lower case, never abbreviated.
The label below the figure/scheme is Scheme 1 (or Scheme
1.1); bold, period (full stop) between the numbers. Schemes
can have caption text, so should be ranged left, e.g:
Scheme 1 Schematic representation of...
Single numeration = numbered through the chapter with
Arabic numerals: Scheme number (Scheme 1, Scheme 2,
etc.).
Double numeration = numbered through the chapter with
Arabic numerals: Chapter number + Scheme number
(Scheme 1.1, Scheme 1.2, etc.).
VENDOR NOTE: Use <figure><title
type= "figureName">Scheme</title>
and <objectName
elementName="figure">Scheme
</objectName>.
14.4.18
Negative superscripts
Use negative superscripts in preference to soliduses, i.e.
follow SI specifications. http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/
ms
-1
not m/s
ms
-1
not m/s
Life sciences
and
biochemistry
14.5.0
Taxonomic conventions
Standard taxonomic conventions should be adopted.
14.5.1
Taxonomic conventions
Lower-case initials are used for ‘kingdom’ and ‘class’. The
names themselves take initial caps and are set in roman, e.g.
kingdom Fungi, class Insecta.
a
14.5.2
Taxonomic conventions
Note that both Anglicized and Latin forms are plural, thus
‘the Arthropoda are…’, not ‘the Arthropoda is…’.
a
14.5.5
Taxonomic conventions
Use italic N- and S- to denote sites of structural bonding in
organic polymers.
VENDOR NOTE: It is appropriate to
use the element <i> in this instance.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 33
14.5.6
DNase
Use DNase, not DNAse.
14.5.7
Kilobase pairs
Use kb, not kbp for kilobase pairs. Note: kb and bp (base
pairs) are not followed by periods (full stops).
a
14.5.8
Phosphate groupings
Phosphate groupings attached to biochemical molecules
must be located in the name, thus: glucose 1-phosphate,
glucose 6-phosphate, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
a
new
14.5.9
Scientific names
Genus and species names are presented in italics (e.g.
Caenorhabditis elegans) and they have singular endings.
Higher taxa (i.e. family, order, class, phylum and kingdom)
are set in roman type with an initial capital (e.g. Coleoptera,
Insecta and Rosaceae). These taxa have plural endings.
VENDOR NOTE when asked to tag
species names, tag as <infoAsset
type="genusSpecies">. Include all
taxonomic information provided
(e.g., a subspecies, morph, variety,
strain, etc.) within <infoAsset>. For
example, for ‘Pisum sativum subsp.
Sativum’:
<infoAsset
type="genusSpecies"><i>Pisum
sativum</i> subsp.
<i>sativum</i></infoAsset>.
Do NOT wrap <infoAsset> in <i>.
new
14.5.10
Scientific names
Modifiers to species names are presented in roman after the
species name and are always abbreviated.
Some examples of common modifiers:
ssp. subspecies
sp. n. species nova
cv. cultivar
var. variety
× cross (hybrid)
new
14.5.11
Scientific names
Spell out genus and species names in full at the first citation
in the text (e.g. Bufo marinus); abbreviate genus names
hereafter (e.g. B. marinus – note the period (full stop) and
thin space after the abbreviated genus name). However, use
the full name at the start of paragraphs, in tables, and
whenever there could be ambiguity if the abbreviated name
is used.
If two genera with the same initial letter are referred to, it
may be beneficial to use partial genus abbreviations (e.g.
Picea abies➝Pi. abies and Pinus sylvestris➝P. sylvestris;
Staph. aureus and Strep. faecalis). Alternatively, use the full
name to make it clear which genus each species belongs to.
If a new species of the same genus as another, already cited
species is introduced, the full name of the new species (i.e.
repeat the genus name) should be given at its first citation
(e.g. if Xenopus laevis has already been named, you still need
to spell out Xenopus at the first mention of Xenopus
tropicalis).
new
14.5.12
Scientific names
Adjectives and nouns derived from genus names become
roman with a lower case initial (e.g. Felis➝feline,
Libellula➝libellulids, Streptococcus➝streptococcal
infection). Those derived from higher taxonomic groups also
begin with a lower-case letter and are presented in roman
(e.g. Ostracoda➝ostracods, Cactaceae➝cacti).
new
14.5.13
Scientific names
A scientific name given at its first mention after a vernacular
name should be separated from it by a comma if the two
names are exact synonyms (e.g. …the two-spotted cricket,
Gryllus bimaculatus,…) but not if the vernacular name may
apply to more than one species (e.g. the starfish Asterina
pectinifera, the medaka Oryzias latipes).
new
14.5.14
Scientific names
The genus name is sometimes referred to alone, even in
titles (e.g. Xenopus, Asterina), but the species name cannot
be (laevis, pectinifera). Species within a genus can be
referred to in general terms by the abbreviations sp.
(singular) or spp. (plural) after the genus name (e.g. Xenopus
sp.).
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 34
new
14.5.15
Authorities
The authority should be given at first mention of the species,
set in roman after
the scientific name (e.g. Anthomyza elbergi Andersson).
Alternatively, a reference
may be cited.
L. (Linnaeus) is the most well-known authority, e.g. Parage
aegeria L.
Where the genus and species is indeterminate use this
abbreviation:
gen.&sp.indet.
new
14.5.16
Authorities
If a date of classification is given with the authority, it should
be separated from the
authority by a comma (e.g. Anthomyza bellatrix Roháçek,
1984).
new
14.5.17
Authorities
When a species or subspecies is transferred to a genus other
than that in which it was first classified, the original
authority is placed in parentheses. In botany and
microbiology, the authority of the new combination follows
and is not placed in parentheses [e.g. Calluna vulgaris (L.)
Hull, Shigella dysenteriae (Shiga) Castellani & Chalmers]. In
zoology, the authority of the new combination is not given
[e.g. Lepomis gulosus (Cuvier)].
new
14.5.18
Bacteria names
Names of all bacterial taxa are italicized [e.g.
Pseudomonadales order), Pseudomonadaceae (family),
Pseudomonas (genus), etc.].
new
14.5.19
Bacteria names
Some organisms that cannot be differentiated taxonomically
at the level of subspecies are given the infrasubspecific
designations pathovars (pv.), biovars (b.), serovars (sv.),
phagovars, chemovars, and morphovars.
new
14.5.20
Bacteria names
Vernacular names of bacteria are always set in roman lower
case (e.g. mycobacteria,
salmonella, klebsiellae).
new
14.5.21
Virus names
Virus names end in virales (order), viridae (family) virinae
(subfamily) and virus (genus). They do not follow normal
binomial naming.
new
14.5.22
Virus names
Approved (by the International Committee on Taxonomy of
Viruses) international names for orders, families, subfamilies
and genera are set in italics with initial capitalization. The
name of the taxon should precede the term in formal use
(e.g. the family Paramyxoviridae, the genus Orthopoxvirus).
new
14.5.23
Virus names
Names that have not yet been approved and vernacular
names are set in lower-case roman (e.g. maize dwarf mosaic
virus, herpes simplex virus type I, rhabdovirus, yellow fever
virus). Virus names are also set in roman when used in an
adjectival form. Be careful not to jump hierarchical levels in
vernacular usage (because it is not always easy to identify
which level is being referred to); add taxon identification
wherever needed.
new
14.5.24
Virus names
The first letter of a proper noun or proper adjective
incorporated into the name of a virus is capitalized (e.g.
West Nile virus). If part of the vernacular name incorporates
a Latin name, the Latin name is capitalized and italicized.
new
14.5.25
Genetics
Use italics for gene abbreviations, e.g.
LacA, amp
r
new
14.5.26
Genetics
Use roman for protein abbreviations, phenotypes, and
transposons, e.g.
LacA
Lac
+
Tn5
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 35
new
14.5.27
Plant sciences: Light
In general, use units based on energy for heat or energy
balance; use units based on photons for photochemical
processes such as photosynthesis or photomorphogenesis.
The waveband over which measurements are made should
be specified [e.g. energy fluence rate (irradiance) of 650Wm
–
2
over the waveband 300–1000 nm; photosynthetic photon
fluence rate (PPFR) of 720 μmolm
–2
s
–1
over the waveband
400–700 nm].
new
14.5.28
Plant sciences: Soil classifications
The names of units of the USDA Soil Taxonomy should begin
with upper case initials. The hierarchy is as follows:
Order (e.g. Spodosols)
Suborder (e.g. Orthods)
Great Groups (e.g. Fragiorthods)
Subgroups (e.g. Typic Fragiorthods)
Families
Series
new
14.5.29
Medicine: Drug names
Drug names should follow American spellings (e.g.
ganciclovir, not gancyclovir), with very different original (i.e.
UK) names in parentheses, e.g. epinephrine (adrenaline).
new
14.5.30
Medicine: Drug names
For proprietary drug names use capitals and trademarks
(superscript).
beneFix®
Haemate®P
Kogenate®
Octanol
TM
FEIBA
TM
Havrix®
NovoSeven®
Follow author usage and ensure consistency through
content. Raise as author query if inconsistent usage.
new
14.5.31
Pharmacology: Devices, products, and drugs
At first mention of a device, product or drug, give its generic
name (in lower case; e.g. amoxycillin) followed (in
parentheses) by its brand name (with initial capitals; e.g.
Amoxil) and the manufacturer’s name, city and state
(include Inc., Corp., Ltd. and Co.).Trademark (™) symbols are
not used unless referring to a registered trademark (
®), and
then only at first mention. For example:
A siliastic catheter (Catheter X, Manufacturer, City, State,
Country) was used.
Patients were given furosemide (Lasix, Hoechst-Roussel
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA).
In all subsequent references, only the generic name of the
device, product or drug should be used, unless a clear
distinction is being made between two or more such
products with different brand names.
new
14.5.32
Pharmacology: Dosage/dose
• A dosage is a regimen, usually expressed as a quantity per
unit of time. Always abbreviate b.i.d., t.i.d., q.i.d. (two, three
and four times daily, respectively) and h.s. (hora somni, at
bedtime).
• A dose is a quantity to be administered.
new
14.5.33
Pharmacology: Abbreviations
Abbreviations for drugs and other humoral mediators use a
roman or Greek character with an additional alphanumeric
or numeric designator (usually subscript) [e.g.α
1A
,α
1B
(alphaadrenoceptors); D
1
,D
2
(dopamine receptors)].
Computing,
telecommuni
cations (and
networking)
14.6.0
Computer code exempted from mechanical editing
Do not run the mechanical editing tool on either inline or
displayed computer code! It will remove the specific spacing
and punctuation of the code, which must be maintained.
a
14.6.1
IEEECS style guide
For correct style of computer terminology and acronyms
follow the IEEECS Style Guide
https://www.computer.org/web/publications/styleguide
a
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 36
14.6.2
Computing: terminology
Data not datum should be used as the singular noun.
14.6.4
Computer code font choice
Use a monospace font for the computer code in the
mechanically edited manuscript files and in the composed
pages according to the page design. The chosen font must
comply with the Wiley Global Font Policy.
VENDOR NOTE: Use
<computerCode>.
For boxed program code, use
<computerCode> within <feature>.
14.6.5
Computer code font consistency
The code font should be maintained for both the displayed
code but also inline references to the code
VENDOR NOTE: Use <span
cssStyle="font-family: monospace>
for inline computer code.
14.6.6
Computer code font consistency
It is imperative that the line breaks within the computer
source code are consistent with the author’s original
manuscript. (Line breaks are integral to the meaning of the
code.)
a
14.6.13
Spaces between numerical value and units
Do not include a thin space with a numerical value and the
following abbreviated units in computing texts:
Hz (Hertz)
KHz (kilohertz)
MHz (megahertz)
GHz (gigahertz)
kB (kilobyte)
MB (megabyte)
GB (gigabyte)
TB (terabyte)
Note the correct use of these abbreviated units.
14.6.14
Compound adjectives
Follow author usage for hyphenation of compound
adjectives used attributively, for example:
object-oriented analysis and design
a
14.6.18
Networking
For electrical charges use italic lower case with a superscript
roman charge to the right, e.g. p
+
.
a
14.6.22
Style of Carbide.c++
Use Carbide.c++ (note initial cap, period [full stop] and lower
case c++)
Carbide.c++ not Carbide
14.6.24
File extensions
For file extension style and meaning see IEEECS style guide,
p. 12.
http://www.computer.org/portal/documents/942852/1412
408/IEEECSStyleGuide2013.pdf
config.sys not Config.sys or
CONFIG.SYS
14.6.27
Capitalization of software products
Software products such as Access, Excel, Outlook, Word,
Prolog take an initial capital letter.
a
Didactic
Elements
14.7.1
Structure
In textbooks and branded series, a consistent structure is
essential – each chapter must carry the same component
sections, in the same order. For example:
Learning objectives
Introduction
A head sections
Self-assessment questions
Summary
Key terms and concepts
References and further reading
Key examination points
Questions
Such structuring of the material reinforces the learning
routine for the reader, as well as giving each chapter a
familiar feel.
14.7.2
Learning objectives
These usually appear at the beginning of a chapter or
section. They must always be edited into the same
grammatical style, taking the form of an opening sentence
followed by a bulleted list. For example:
By the end of this chapter you should be able to:
• Define managerial accounting.
• Analyze the role of managerial accounting in
achieving organizational control and effectiveness.
Ideally one for each main heading, maximum of eight per
VENDOR NOTE: Use
<featureFixed><title
type="featureFixedName"> and
<objectName elementName=
"featureFixed">Learning
Objectives<objectName> (for
example).
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 37
chapter. If the objectives are too numerous, or not specific
enough, students will overlook them.
14.7.3
Case studies
Case studies are always independent of the main text,
typographically distinct from the rest of the text, e.g. in a
box or tinted area.
• They are often numbered, either single or double
numeration, your Wiley Production contact will
confirm.
• They should always have a title.
Where case studies include artwork the numbering of the
figures should be separate from the numbering of figures in
the main text. Case study figures are unlikely to appear with
numbers or captions in the book.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <feature> and
<objectName elementName=
"featureFixed">Case
Study<objectName> (for example).
Your Wiley Production contact will
confirm the type values to be used
within the product. If a case study is
numbered do not include the
number in the title, instead use the
attribute numbered="yes".
14.7.4
Boxes
Like case studies, boxes are separate from the main
narrative flow. They are special sections or features distinct
from the main text, but related to the section, such as
associated notes or activities.
Regular feature boxes can include various content such as
mini-cases, real world stories, research findings or worked
examples. Each type of feature box should have a title (e.g.
‘Real World Example’, ‘In the Media’, ‘Key Formulae’). Too
many different types can be confusing and should be
avoided (e.g. no more than four).
VENDOR NOTE: Use <feature> and
<objectName elementName=
"feature">..<objectName> (rather
than <block> or <block
type="box">).
14.7.4 a
Icons are often associated with the various pedagogical
features to help the reader navigate the text and make it
more visually interesting.
VENDOR NOTE: Do not include any
icons associated with feature boxes
in the XML as inlineGraphics.
Instead, assign the icon using
@iconRef on <objectName>. The
rendering application will place the
icons with the associated <feature>
or <featureFixed> according to the
"featureFixedName"/"featureName
".
14.7.5
Marginal notes
Marginal notes often occur in textbooks for asides in the
text, brief explanations or annotations, tips and hints, etc.
Figures may be associated with marginal notes and are
usually unnumbered and without a caption. Do not confuse
with numbered text figures that are placed, for sizing
reasons, in the margin, but are integrated in the main figure
numbering and have numbers and captions.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <note
type="marginText"> with an
additional type attribute if required
(Wiley to confirm). Only use this
element for genuine marginal text
and not for material printed in the
margins due to space restrictions
14.7.6
Exercises (or ‘Questions’)
Exercises may be continuous with the text (e.g. ‘self-test
point’ or ‘checkpoint’ features), collected at the end of the
chapter under an un-numbered A head, or collected at the
end of the book in an appendix.
These can take the form of review questions; problems or
assignments; discussion or essay questions; multiple choice;
true/false; fill-in-the-blanks and open-ended questions.
14.7.7
Key terms
Key terms are often displayed (in print and online) in bold
and listed with explanations in the glossary.
If there are any terms in the glossary that do not appear
anywhere within the chapters, raise as an author query.
VENDOR NOTE: Do not use the
rendering elements <b> or <i> for
key terms, use <term> (type="key")
and <termDefinition> to code key
terms and their definitions.
14.7.8
Answers
Answers to exercises or questions, if given, should be
collected at the back of the book in an appendix.
Alternatively they may be available for the student to access
via a book companion site.
Civil
Engineering
(E&S)
new
14.8.1
For excerpts and reprints of official standards, like EN and
DIN, do not apply any changes to style. Standard texts have a
normative status and may not be altered.
Sections/chapters to be excluded mechanical editing and CE
will be specified by editorial in the manuscript handed over
to production and in the Project Brief.
Accounting
and finance
new
14.9.1
Style: Commas in numerical values
Include commas from numerical values. For example:
1,000 not 1000
20,000 not 20 000
1,000 not 1 000
20,000 not 20 000
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 38
new
14.9.2
Style: Thin spaces in numerical values
Replace thin space from four digit numerals with a comma.
For example:
1,000 not 1 000
new
14.9.3
Style: Thin spaces in numerical values
For numbers (including years) with five or more digits (either
side of the decimal point) insert a comma between every
third digit.
10,000
0.000,007
20,000,000
15. References
Group
No.
Guideline
Vendor Notes
Mechanical
editing
15.1.1
Reference integrity
All references listed should be cited and all cited
references must be included in the reference list*. This
includes references cited in tables, figure captions and
footnotes. Raise any non-cited, missing, or incomplete
references as author queries.
* Except for personal communications and observations
(15.2.15), unpublished results (15.2.15 suppl.) and
manuscripts in preparation (15.2.8 suppl.).
15.1.2
Vancouver references
Vancouver references first cited in a table or in a figure
caption are numbered according to the location of the
text citation of the table or figure.
15.1.3a
References to journal content: Minimum information
required
There are certain key pieces of information that must be
included in a reference to journal content. If these
minimum requirements are present then requesting
further information from the author is unnecessary.
A journal reference should contain the following
minimum information: first-named author (both last
name and initials), year of publication, journal title,
volume number and first page in any page range.
Note that if a journal references includes a DOI (digital
object identifier), minimum information does not need
to include volume number and first page.
Inclusion of the article titles is preferred but not
essential. Where article titles are included for some but
not all references, retain those that are included.
Inclusion of the final page number is preferred but not
essential. Where page numbers are included for some
but not all references, retain those that are included.
Inclusion of the issue number is preferred but not
essential. Where issue numbers are included for some
but not all references, retain those that are included.
Where a supplementary issue is quoted, ensure that it
includes the issue number/name/letter.
VENDOR NOTE: Do not code abbreviations (<term
type="abbreviation">), or terms (<term>) within
references.
Do not use fixed codes (<fc>, <fi> and <fr>) in
reference markup. (<sc> should appear in references
as required.)
Use <familyNamePrefix> to capture names with more
than one particle. Typical prefixes are ‘van’, ‘de la’,
‘von’ and ‘le’.
15.1.3b
Journals that do not require volume numbers
Note that the following journals do not require volume
numbers:
Chemistry Letters
Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical
Communications (Prior to 1996)
Chemical Communications
Isvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR—Seriya Khimicheskaya
(Abbreviated to: Izv. Akad. Nauk. Ser. Khim.)
Synlett
Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions
(Also Dalton Transactions)
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1
(Note that ‘1’ is part of the journal title and not a volume
number)
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions
2(Note that ‘2’ is part of the journal title and not a
volume number)
This is not a definitive list and there are other journals
which follow this practice.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 39
15.1.3c
References to book content: Minimum information
required
There are certain key pieces of information that must be
included in a reference list. If these minimum
requirements are present then requesting further
information from the author is unnecessary.
A book reference should contain the following minimum
information: first-named author/editor (last name and
initials), year of publication, book title and publisher.
If place of publication has been supplied (either
consistently or partially) it should be included. There is
no requirement to query the author for missing
information about the place of publication. Where place
of publication is included for some but not all references,
retain those that are included.
A place of publication does not require any additional
location information (e.g. state or country). Where
additional location information is included for some but
not all references, retain those that are included.
A mixture of first names in full and initial form can be
retained within a chapter. However, where it is clear that
the same author is being referred by both initials and full
first names please make consistent using full first names.
new
15.1.14
References to chapter content: Minimum information
required
There are certain key pieces of information that must be
included in a reference list. If these minimum
requirements are present then requesting further
information from the author is unnecessary.
Citations of book chapters should contain the following
minimum information: first-named author (last name
and initials), year of publication, chapter title, chapter
first page, book title, editor (last name and initials),
publisher.
If place of publication has been supplied (either
consistently or partially) it should be included. There is
no requirement to query the author for missing
information. Where place of publication is included for
some but not all references, retain those that are
included.
A place of publication does not require any additional
location information (e.g. state or country). Where
additional location information is included for some but
not all references, retain those that are included.
If the last page number has been supplied (either
consistently or partially) it should be included. There is
no requirement to query the author for missing
information. Where page numbers are included for some
but not all references, retain those that are included.
15.1.4
References: Position
All cited references should be listed together in a section
headed ‘References’ at the end of the chapter (unless
otherwise specified by your Wiley contact via the project
brief).
VENDOR NOTE: Where bibliographic references are
supplied as a separate (chapter-level) section in the
back of the book, supply the references as a separate
component in the WileyML. Each reference should
also be inserted as a <bibliography> in the component
in which it is cited
15.1.5
Bibliography
Where there is an end-of-book References section
rename as ‘Bibliography’ where it contains both cited
and non-cited references.
VENDOR NOTE: <bibliography>
<title>Bibliography</title>
15.1.6
Further reading
Only non-cited references can be grouped under the
heading ‘Further Reading‘
For handling non-cited references not grouped under
‘Further Reading‘, refer to rule 15.1.1.
VENDOR NOTE: <bibliography cited="no">
<title>Further Reading</title>
15.1.7
References: Position before further reading list
Where both a reference list and a further reading list are
present the reference list comes before the ‘Further
Reading’ list.
VENDOR NOTE: <bibliography>
<bibSection cited="yes">
<title>References</title>
<bib>...</bib>
</bibSection>
<bibSection cited="no">
<title>Further Reading</title>
<bib>...</bib>
</bibSection>
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 40
15.1.8
End-of-book references: Heading style
Where references and/or further reading lists are
collected at the end of the book the heading should be
unnumbered and match the chapter title style.
15.1.9
End-of-chapter references: Heading style
Where the reference list/further reading list is located at
the end of chapter, the heading should be an
unnumbered A head.
15.1.10
Bibliography: Style
The style of the cited material in bibliography sections
should follow the Wiley reference list style (see Section
15.2).
15.1.11
Annotated references or further reading
It is acceptable to have additional notes or comments
alongside the cited material, but if present they should
appear on a new line beneath each item.
15.1.12
Correct form for Wiley and Blackwell references
Where Wiley references are listed, the correct publisher
designation depends on the imprint, e.g. Wiley, Wiley
Blackwell, or Wiley-VCH. Do not use John Wiley & Sons
Ltd, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Blackwell Publishing
There is no requirement to include the place of
publication or to make this consistent for Wiley or Wiley
Blackwell publications. For example, both Chichester,
UK: Wiley and Hoboken, NJ: Wiley could appear in the
same references list, or, similarly, Malden, MA: Wiley
Blackwell and Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
New York (rather than Hoboken, NJ) can be retained in
publication dates for Wiley titles before 2002.
Blackwell can be retained as the publisher name for
Wiley Blackwell titles before 2007.
Wiley Blackwell (i.e. no hyphen) but Wiley-VCH (i.e. with
hyphen) are the correct forms of the imprint names.
new
15.1.12a
Correct form for Ernst & Sohn
Where Ernst & Sohn references are listed, the correct
publisher designation is Verlag Ernst & Sohn
15.1.13
Abbreviation of journal and journal article titles
Journal titles may be abbreviated if that is the author
preference but no mixture of abbreviated and
unabbreviated titles is permissible within a chapter.
Where the title of an article is provided this should be
given in full rather than abbreviated.
new
15.1.15
Page numbers in inline citations
These are not essential
Wiley
reference
list style
15.2
Do not add formatting elements (italics and bold for
article or journal titles, volume numbers, etc.).
Formatting will be generated by the semantic
elements (e.g., <journalTitle> may be rendered in
italics).
15.2.1
Casing conventions
Book titles = title case
Chapter titles = sentence case
Journal titles = title case
Article titles = sentence case
Conference proceedings = title case
Conference presentations = sentence case
This is not applicable for German-language citations as
casing is an integral part of the language.
new
15.2.22
Place of publication not mandatory
This is no longer a mandatory component within
references to book content. However, where included by
authors, place of publication can be retained.
Where place of publication is included, there is no
requirement to ensure consistency of location
information for different publishers and/or the
additional location information provided such as country
or state.
new
15.2.23
Style: Initials
These should be closed up within author names
K.M.H. Lawrence not K. M. H. Lawrence
15.2.2
A book by a single author
Pollan, M.P. (2006). The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural
VENDOR NOTE: Use <citation type="book"> for book
citations.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 41
History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin.
Where using Harvard cite in text as
(Pollan 2006, pp. 99–100)
new
15.2.24
A book by two authors
Ward, G.C. and Burns, K. (2007). The War: An Intimate
History, 1941–1945. New York: Knopf.
Where using Harvard cite in text as
(Ward and Burns 2007, p. 52)
new
15.2.25
A book by three authors
Heatherton, J., Fitzgilroy, J., and Hsu J. (2008). Meteors
and Mudslides. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Where using Harvard cite in text as
(Heatherton, Fitzgilroy, and Hsu 2008, pp. 188–189) or
(Heatherton et al. 2008, pp. 188–189)
Where two or three authors are present, allow author
style for whether all authors are mentioned or just the
first named. The order of the authors should follow
exactly that of the publication.
new
15.2.26
A book by four or more authors
Heatherton, J., Fitzgilroy, J., Hsu J. et al. (2008). Meteors
and Mudslides. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Where using Harvard cite in text as
(Heatherton et al. 2008, pp. 188–189)
15.2.3
Edited books
Dhir, R.K. (ed.) (1990). Protection of Concrete.
Chichester: Wiley.
Where using Harvard cite in text as
(Dhir 1990, pp. 16–19)
Dhir, R.K. and Green, J.W. (eds.) (1990). Protection of
Concrete. Chichester: Wiley.
Where using Harvard cite in text as
(Dhir and Green 1990, pp. 16–19)
Dhir, R.K., Green, J.W., and Smith, P. (eds.) (1990).
Protection of Concrete. Chichester: Wiley.
Where using Harvard cite in text as
(Dhir, Green, and Smith 1990, pp. 16–19)
Dhir, R.K., Green, J.W., Smith, P., and Lawrence, K.M.
(eds.) (1990). Protection of Concrete. Chichester: Wiley.
Where using Harvard cite in text as
(Dhir et al. 1990, pp. 16–19)
Dhir, R.K. and Green, J.W. (eds.) (1990) Protection of
Concrete, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester.
(In books that follow US spelling and punctuation, use
the Oxford (or serial) comma with author/editor
names.)
VENDOR NOTE: Use <citation type="book"> for book
citations.
new
15.2.27
Translated books
García Márquez, G. (1988). Love in the Time of Cholera
(trans. E. Grossman). London: Cape.
Where using Harvard cite in text as
(García Márquez 1988, pp. 242–255)
15.2.4
A chapter in an edited book
Gould, G. (1984). Streisand as heroine. In: The Glenn
Gould Reader (ed. T. Page), 308–311. New York: Vintage.
Where using Harvard cite in text as
(Gould 1984, p. 310)
Stewart, S. and Kam, K.C. (1990). Radiotherapy
techniques, planning and equipment. In: Treatment of
Cancer, 2e (ed. K. Sikora and K.E. Halnan), 827–851.
Chichester: Wiley.
Where using Harvard cite in text as
(Stewart and Kam 1990, pp. 833–835)
Do not elide page numbers in references; for example,
change 827–51 to 827–851. Refer to rule 2.26.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <citation type="book"> for book
citations.
.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 42
15.2.5
An article in a journal
Onodera, A., Inoue, K., Yoshihara, H. et al. (1990).
Synthesis of cubic boron nitride from rhombohedral
under high static pressure. Journal of Materials Science
25 (10): 429–484.
Where using Harvard cite in text as
(Onedera et al. 1990, p. 435)
Do not elide page numbers in references; for example,
change 827–51 to 827–851. Refer to rule 2.26.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <citation type="journal"> for
book citations.
.
15.2.5
suppl.
(a)
Cochrane articles
Kelly, S.A.M. and Summerbell, C.D. (2007). Wholegrain
cereals for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database of
Systematic Reviews 2 (Art. No.: CD005051).
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005051.pub2.
The correct full form is Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews.
The correct abbreviated form is Cochrane Database Syst.
Rev.
Issue number, article number and DOI are essential parts
of a Cochrane reference and if not present should be
requested from the author. Other elements are
preferred but not essential.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
not The Cochrane Library (or Cochrane Library),
The Cochrane Review (or Cochrane Review).
VENDOR NOTE: Tag the article number using
<accessionId ref="info:x-wiley/
cochrane/…">…</accessionId>
Example: . Art. No.: <accessionId ref="info:x-
wiley/cochrane/CD005051">CD005051</accessionId>.
.
15.2.5
suppl.
(a)
Current Protocols
Medberry, S., Gallagher, S., and Moomaw, B. (2004).
Overview of digital electrophoresis analysis. Current
Protocols in Molecular Biology 66: 10.5.1–10.5.11.
For titles where journal titles are abbreviated, the
complete list of abbreviations for Current Protocols can
be found at
http://www.currentprotocols.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-
810172.html
Current Protocols should be tagged <citation
type="journal">
15.2.5
suppl.
(b)
Angewandte Chemie
Full form
Up to and including 1998: Angewandte Chemie
(International Edition in English)
From 1999: Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Abbreviated form
Up to and including 1998: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.
From 1999: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
15.2.5
suppl.
(c)
Digital object identifiers (DOIs)
The correct abbreviation is doi: (i.e. lower case followed
by colon).
Note that the DOI appears after the terminating
punctuation. See example in 15.2.5 suppl. (a)).
Note that if a journal reference includes a DOI (Digital
Object Identifier), there is no requirement to include
volume number and first page
Novak, W.J. (2008). The myth of the ‘weak’ American
state. American Historical Review 113: 752–772.
https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr.113.3.752.
VENDOR NOTE: The doi is now given as a full URL, thus
tag as <url
href="https://doi.org/…">https://doi.org/.…</url>
Not correct for this linking style: <accessionId
ref="info:doi/…">….</accessionId>
15.2.6
Conference proceedings
Published
Reinhardt, H.W. and Naaman, A.E. ed. (1992). High
performance fiber reinforced cement composites.
Proceedings of the International RILEM/ACI Workshop,
Mainz, Germany (23–26 June 1991). Chichester, UK:
Wiley.
Unpublished
Johnson, W.T., Phelps, R.W., and Beatson, P.J. (1997).
Wastewater reuse using membranes. IDA World
Congress on Desalination and Water Science, Madrid.
Poster papers
Melchior, L.A. et al. (1998). Service histories of HIV-
positive women: implications for access and utilization.
Poster presented at the 106th Annual Convention of the
American Psychological Association, San Francisco (14
August 1998).
VENDOR NOTE: Use <citation type="other"> for
citations of unpublished conference proceedings and
<citation type="book"> for published conference
proceedings.
.
15.2.7
Technical reports
World Health Organization (1982). WHO Expert
Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical
Preparations. 28th report. WHO Tech. Rep. Ser. 681.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <citation type="other"> for
citations of technical reports.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 43
15.2.8
Work accepted for publication but not yet published
Raise as an author query if a work not yet published is
described as any of the following: submitted for
publication, in press, forthcoming, or in preparation. Ask
the author to either update the reference with the
published information or to confirm that it has been
accepted for publication. The only permitted description
of an unpublished work is ‘accepted for publication’.
Journal articles
Detourney, E. and Richard, T. (accepted for publication).
Mechanics of rock cutting. International Journal of Rock
Mechanics and Mining Sciences.
Books
Amering, M. and Schmolke, M. (accepted for publication)
Recovery in Mental Health. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
For material at ‘accepted for publication’ status there is
no requirement to add publication year, or, for journal
articles, details of volume and issue numbers.
If the work is still not published when copyediting is
complete, make sure the reference is an “other”
citation and styled appropriately.
If the pub date is not known, ‘accepted for
publication’ can be used instead (do not style this as
pubYear).
15.2.8
suppl
Works not yet accepted for publication
Works in preparation but not yet accepted for
publication (i.e. not under contract) should only be cited
in the text, e.g.:
...database searches for Haemophilus influenzae (M.
Thore, work in preparation).
Where such in-text citations occur raise as a query asking
the author if the work is now published or ‘accepted for
publication.’ Where that has occurred, add to the
references list.
15.2.9
Web addresses/URLs
Ensure that the author or authoring organization, year
and document title are given in the reference, along with
the URL. If this information is not available consult the
author. If this information is not available or relevant the
reference should be removed and only the web address
cited in the text.
Organization for the Advancement of Structured
Information Standards (1999). XML exchange table
model document type definition. http://www.oasis-
open.org/specs/tm9901.html (accessed 17 July 2007).
Including the accessed date is preferred and should be
raised as an author query if it is missing.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <citation type="other"> or, where
the URL is part of a journal or book citation use
type="journal" or <citation type="book"> as
appropriate.
Use <url>. Do not entify keyboard characters within
the href attribute value. However, the href attribute
value must conform to URL syntax and start with a
protocol (‘http://’, ‘ftp://’, etc.).
15.2.9b
Web addresses/URLs
Do not underline a whole web address/url. Use of
underscores within web addresses/URLs is fine.
15.2.9c
Web addresses/URLs
Do not use angle brackets <> around whole web
addresses/URLs. Use of angle brackets within web
addresses/URLs is fine.
15.2.9d
Web addresses/URLs
Display web addresses/urls in main text font and type
size.
15.2.9f
Web addresses/URLs
Drop the ‘http://’ from web address where the URL
points to a domain, e.g. www.wiley.com NOT
http://www.wiley.com.
15.2.9g
Web addresses/URLs
Use ‘http://’ etc. where the URL points to specific
documents or web pages, e.g.
http://www.wiley.com/contentguidelines.
15.2.10
Theses and dissertations
Fabricius-Bjerre, A. (2007). The cerebral metabolic ratio
is not affected by the cerebral O
2
availability during
maximal exercise in humans. Master thesis. University of
Copenhagen.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <citation type="other">
15.2.10
Newspaper and magazine articles
Kemper, V. (2003). New priorities leave obese children
behind. Los Angeles Times (15 September), p. 10.
15.2.10
Speeches, presentations, and lectures
Boardman, J. (1999). Risk: a four-letter word. Speech
presented at a luncheon at the 39th APPEA conference
in Perth, Australia (20 June 1999).
15.2.10
Press releases
Standard & Poor’s (2006). Standard & Poor’s 500 3rd
quarter buyback at $10 million. Press release (27
November).
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 44
15.2.10
Annual reports
Department of Health, UK (2004). Annual report of the
National Chlamydia Screening Programme in England
2003/4.
new
15.2.28
User guides and software
American Mathematical Society (1990). AmS—LaTeX
user’s guide, v.1.1.
new
15.2.29
Working papers and other unpublished work
Palepu, K. (1997). Information effects of spin-offs, equity
carve-outs, and targeted stock offerings. Harvard
University working paper.
Mahaffy, P.R. et al. (2004). Science priorities related to
the organic contamination of Mars landers. Unpublished
white paper posted by the Mars Exploration Program
Analysis Group (MEPAG) at
http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/index.html.
15.2.11
Case law
Blackburn vs. Alabama, 361 US 199, (1960)
VENDOR NOTE: Use <citation type="other"> for
citation of case law.
The first-listed party is the <plaintiff>, the second
named party the <defendant>.
15.2.12
Legislation
Badgers Act 1973, s 8(2) (a).
Counter-Inflation Act 1973, Pt II (ss 3–11).
Finance Act 1965, s 19(1), Sch 7.
Order the statute in the (Harvard) reference list
alphabetically according to its title. Indicate Parts and
Sections in the list as given in the examples above.
In the text citation, include the year of the Act in the
title, e.g. Merchant Shipping Act 1988.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <citation type="other"> for
citation of statutes.
15.2.13
Standards
ANSI X3.135-1986 (1986). Information technology –
database languages – Structured Query Language (SQL).
New York: American National Standards Institute.
Standards can be hard to spot. As a starting guide, if any
of the following is mentioned, it is likely to be a
standard:
ANSI (American National Standards Institute);
ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials);
CEN (European Committee for Standardization);
DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung);
ISO (International Standards Organization);
W3C (World-Wide Web Consortium).
VENDOR NOTE: Use <citation type="other"> for
citation of standards.
15.2.14
Patents
Petroff, M.D. and Stapelbroek, M.G. (1980). Blocked
impurity band detectors. US Patent 4, 586,960, filed 23
October 1980 and issued 4 February 1986.
Patents are cited under the names of the creators and
dated by the year of filing.
VENDOR NOTE: Use <citation type="other"> for
citation of patents.
15.2.15
Personal communication
These should only be cited in the text and should not
appear in the reference list.
...given the significant change in valuations, this is not
surprising (A. Adams, personal communication).
15.2.15
suppl.
Unpublished results or data
These should only be cited in the text and should not
appear in the reference list.
...was also found to be effective (S. Smith, University of
Cardiff, Cardiff, unpublished results).
15.2.17
Number of authors and editors listed
Where the author lists five or more authors (or editors)
no more than three should be named in the reference
list. Use ‘et al.’ after the third name; with four authors
(or editors) or less all should be listed.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 45
15.2.19
Abbreviation of journal titles
A mix of abbreviated and full forms of journal titles is
acceptable in multi-authored (contributed) works
provided consistency within individual chapters is
ensured.
Where a mix of full and abbreviated forms has been
applied within a chapter please make consistent as the
abbreviated form.
For single-authored works, consistency should be
ensured throughout the book.
When journal titles are abbreviated, abbreviations
should include periods (full stops).
15.2.20
Retain original style of journal article titles
Journal article titles should be quoted verbatim, despite
any difference in spelling to that used for the same
terms in the text.
15.2.21
Retain original style of chapter titles
Chapter titles should be quoted verbatim, despite any
difference in spelling to that used for the same terms in
the text.
Vancouver
reference
style
15.3.0
References: choice of Vancouver or Harvard
Your Wiley contact will confirm via the Project Brief
whether Vancouver or Harvard referencing style is to be
used. This may mean changing one style to the other.
15.3.1
Vancouver references: Style of citations
Numbers in the list should appear ‘1. 2. 3.’, not [1] [2] [3]
or
1
,
2
,
3
.
VENDOR NOTE: <bibliography cited="yes"
style="numbered">
15.3.2
Vancouver references: Style of citations
Numbers in the text should appear [1], [2], [3], etc. on
the line rather than superscript.
15.3.3
Vancouver references: Style of citations
Use a comma (not an en dash) between two consecutive
reference citations, e.g. [1, 2].
15.3.4
Vancouver references: Style of citations
Use an unspaced en dash to indicate a numerical range
within reference citation, e.g. [4–6].
15.3.5
Vancouver references: Numerical order
References should appear in numerical order in the text
and be listed numerically in the reference list at the end
of the chapter/book. Thus the order of the list matches
the order of appearance of references in the text.
15.3.6
Vancouver references: Numerical order
Authors may have used the system incorrectly – usually
by ordering the (alphabetic) reference list, numbering
them and then transferring the numbers to the text
citations (i.e. so the numbers in the text do not follow a
logical sequence). Wiley will advise on the Project Brief if
you should renumber/reorder so they appear in
numerical order in the text or convert to Harvard style.
15.3.7
Vancouver references: Numerical order
Where the author has added ‘in-between’ numbers e.g.
[97, 97a, 98] during the writing stage (rather than re-
numbering all of the references) the ‘in-between’
numbers should be removed and the references
renumbered as appropriate.
Harvard
reference
style
15.4.1
Harvard references: Style of citation
Reference citations in the text are formed using the
author’s surname and year of publication. The citation
can take the form ‘Martin (1990)’ or ‘(Martin 1990)’
depending on context. Either is acceptable.
15.4.2
Harvard references: Style of brackets in citations
Curly or square brackets should be substituted with ().
15.4.3
Harvard references: Number of authors in citations
Where two or three authors are present, e.g. ‘Adams,
Knowler, and Leader (1992)’ allow author style for
whether all authors are mentioned or just the first
named. The order of the authors should follow exactly
that of the publication. Where there four or more
authors then change to first named follow by ‘et al.’
15.4.4
Harvard references: Ampersands
Always use ‘and’, never ampersand (&) with Harvard
references.
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 46
15.4.7
Harvard references: Style of citation
Where two or more references are cited at the same
point in the text, separate them with semi-colons, e.g.
(Martin 1990; Blanc et al. 1992). Order according to the
author’s preference (rather than alphabetically or
chronologically).
15.4.8
Harvard references: Style of citation
Reference may be made to specific points in the
publication, e.g. ‘(Dunn et al. 1989, p. 390)’ or ‘(Reynolds
and Steedman 1989, Table 42)’. Follow the style as
given.
15.4.9
Harvard references: Style of citation
If two or more references by the same author(s) in the
same year are cited they should appear as, e.g. ‘Martin
(1990a)’ and ‘Martin (1990b)’, in their order of
appearance in the text. They should then be listed in the
reference list in their (a, b, c) citation order.
Where two authors with the same surname have works
published in the same year, identify them in the text by
their initial: J. Martin (1990) and S. Martin (1990). Only
necessary to distinguish with regard to publications in
the same year.
15.4.10
Harvard references: Style of citation
Distinct references by the same author(s) in different
years can be cited, e.g. ‘Blanc et al. (1988, 1992)’.
15.4.11
Harvard references: Ordering
The reference listing in the Harvard system is ordered
alphabetically by author, secondarily by date and then
by a, b, c, etc.
Authors'
bespoke
referencing
styles
15.5.0
LaTeX referencing style
LaTeX generates a mnemonics-based referencing style.
For example:
[SCHNEIER], Schneier, B., “Applied Cryptography:
Protocols, Algorithms and Source Code in C”, 2e, John
Wiley & Sons, 1996.
[Bol93] J-C. Bolot, H. Crepin and A. Vega Garcia, “Analysis
of Audio Packet Los in the Internet” in Proc.
NOSSDAV’95, P. 154–FF., 1995.
This should be changed to either Vancouver or Harvard
reference system (your Wiley contact will confirm via the
project brief).
ACT v6.7, 20. January 2023 Page 47
APPENDIX 1 (Subject-Specific Reference Sources)
Subject-specific style and spelling
• Where the ACT does not provide subject-specific style and spelling advice please refer to the grid below. The grid provides a list of approved external reference sources for each subject
area.
• For titles containing mathematical or other subject-specific symbols, we do not expect vendors to make extensive manual interventions to the text in order to make style consistent with
the Content Guidelines rules, provided that the style applied by the author is logical and consistent (or can easily be made consistent). Such issues may have been identified in-house and
instruction added to the Project Brief. However, even without an instruction we encourage vendors to query whether content might be best handled and accuracy maintained if left as
supplied.
Subject Area
Main
Approved style/spelling guides
SSH (not Psychology)
Wiley
APA
Psychology
APA
APA
Biology
Wiley
TBC from Natural Sciences column B
Earth Sciences
Wiley
TBC from Natural Sciences column B
Health Sciences
Wiley
TBC from Health Sciences column B
Chemistry
Wiley
ACS
Maths
Wiley
NIST, IEEEC, prepare content in LaTeX
Physics
Wiley
NIST, IEEEC
Engineering
Wiley
NIST, IEEEC
Statistics
Wiley
NIST, IEEEC
Computer Science
Wiley
NIST, IEEEC
Telecoms
Wiley
NIST, IEEEC
Health Sciences
http://ihtsdo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/doc/download/doc_EditorialGuide_Current-en-
US_INT_20130731.pdf
Subject specialists to advise
http://www.ihtsdo.org/snomed-ct/
Subject specialists to advise
www.amamanualofstyle.com
Subject specialists to advise
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/prp
Subject specialists to advise
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/drug-names-and-classes/
Subject specialists to advise
http://www.usp.org/store/products-services/usp-dictionary
Subject specialists to advise
Natural Sciences
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
http://www.bgbm.org/iapt/nomenclature/code/saintlouis/0001icslcontent
s.htm
International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants
International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria
International Code of Virus Classification and
Nomenclature
ACS
http://college.cengage.com/geology/resources/geologyli
nk/glossary/x.html
Engineering, Statistics, Computing
Abbreviations for SI (Système International) units are standards and should be strictly adhered to.
Refer to: http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/units.html.
http://www.computer.org/portal/documents/942852/1412408/IEEECSStyleGuide2013.pdf
Psychology
APA
http://www.apastyle.org/manual/index.aspx
