2023-24 University Catalog 7
development featuring living and retail space, as well as on the
transformation of the George E. Davis House into headquarters of the
Foster Village Network Center. The Duke Endowment awarded a $35-
million grant to the University to support science programs, scholarships,
and capital improvements on campus. It was one of the largest gifts ever
given to an HBCU.
2015: The 62,000-square-foot Science Center funded by the Duke
Endowmentopened as the home of JCSU's innovative programs in
the College of Science, Technology Engineering and Mathematics
(STEM).The new center housed programs preparing students for
emerging fields in renewable energy, medical informatics, bioinformatics,
homeland security-STEM, analytics and bioinformatics, electronics, cyber
security, and robotics programs.
2018:Clarence D. Armbrister, J.D. became the 14th president of JCSU.
2021: The Mayor’s Racial Equity Initiative, a vision of Charlotte, NC's
Mayor Vi Lyles,was announced November 1, 2021, on JCSU’s campus.
Following national events that amplified racial inequity across the
nation in summer 2020, Charlotte became a model for change when
corporations and philanthropic leaders came together to pledge $250
million, with $80 million being earmarked for the University.
2023:Dr. Valerie Kinloch '96 became the 15th president of JCSU.
JCSU’s History
The Thirteenth Amendment and the end of the Civil War brought freedom
to approximately four million enslaved African-Americans throughout
the South. Although they gained their liberty, newly freedmen still lacked
opportunities. With no education, no property, and no jobs immediately
available, freedmen faced as great a struggle for prosperity after
Emancipation as they did before. To help ease their transition from
slavery to freedom, the Reverend S. C. Alexander and the Reverend W.
L. Miller of the Catawba Presbytery sought to establish an educational
institution for freedmen in the Piedmont region of North and South
Carolina. On April 7, 1867, at a meeting in the old Charlotte Presbyterian
Church, formerly located at the corner of D and Fourth streets in
Charlotte, the Presbytery agreed upon a plan for such a school and chose
Alexander and Miller as the school’s first professors.
News of the Presbytery’s efforts soon reached a devout church woman
in Philadelphia, PA, Mrs. Mary D. Biddle, who promptly pledged $1,400 to
the new school. In appreciation for her generous contribution, the newly
established school was named for her late husband, Major Henry Biddle,
who was wounded at the Battle of Glendale in June 1862 and died a
month later. The school was officially chartered by the state as the Henry
J. Biddle Memorial Institute and the first classes were held on May 1,
1867. Along with the Colored Presbyterian Church of Charlotte, Biddle
Memorial Institute was housed in a building on C Street in Charlotte,
which had been donated to the institution by the Freedmen’s Bureau.
Still searching for a permanent home, Biddle Memorial Institute secured
a donation of eight acres of land from a wealthy Charlottean, Colonel
W. R. Myers. Soon after moving to the site, the charter was changed
in 1876 by the North Carolina State Legislature from Biddle Memorial
Institute to Biddle University. The institution operated under this name
until 1923. Other successes were achieved outside the classroom. In
1892, Biddle University played its first intercollegiate football game
against Livingstone College. The Golden Bulls won that initial game, and
the two teams have played every year since in what is known today as the
Commemorative Classic.
During and after Reconstruction, Biddle University grew as it benefitted
from individual displays of generosity and government support. Using the
Freedmen’s Bureau as an intermediary, Mrs. Biddle donated an additional
$10,000 to erect a main education building and two professors’ houses.
Those buildings were completed in 1868. Between 1921 and 1928, Mrs.
Jane Berry Smith of Pittsburgh, PA, provided funds for the erection of a
theological dormitory, a science hall, a teachers’ cottage, and a memorial
gate. She also contributed an impressive endowment for the institution
in memory of her late husband, Mr. Johnson C. Smith. In recognition of
these many generous gifts, the Board of Trustees voted to change the
name of the institution to Johnson C. Smith University. Thus, the North
Carolina State Legislature amended the charter of the school on March
1, 1923. Before her death in October 1929, Mrs. Smith made further
donations for the erection of five additional buildings, including a church.
In 1924, the University was made more stable and prosperous as a result
of a tremendous gift from James B. Duke, a wealthy and magnanimous
businessman of Somerville, NJ. Mr. Duke, who also owned a home in
Charlotte and made a tremendous amount of money in the tobacco
industry, had been contacted several years earlier by the president of
JCSU, Dr. Henry L. McCrory, for a contribution to the young school.
Although Duke did not respond to President McCrory’s letter, when
the Duke Endowment was established on December 11, 1924, JCSU
was named one of the four educational beneficiaries along with Duke
University, Davidson College, and Furman University. This provided JCSU
with immediate and long-term financial resources from which to draw.
Through the years, the Duke Endowment’s generous support has been of
tremendous value to the continued development of the University.
JCSU underwent considerable demographic and financial changes
in the decades before and after World War II. In 1924, the institution
was recognized by the North Carolina State Board of Education as a
four-year college. Five years later, the high school department was
discontinued, and the standard educational program was restricted
to a college of liberal arts and sciences and a theology department. In
1932, the University’s charter was amended to provide for the admission
of women to the senior division. The institution attained the status of
an independent college, affiliated with the Presbyterian Church in the
United States of America, and reporting to the General Assembly through
the Board of Christian Education in 1938. By the time the Diamond
Jubilee was celebrated in 1942, the University was a fully residential,
coeducational institution. Two years later, JCSU joined the College Fund/
United Negro College Fund (UNCF) as a founding member. The Fund was
organized to help church-related schools of higher learning revamp their
training program, expand their physical plants, promote faculty growth,
and create new areas of service.
With increasing support from the Duke Endowment, the UNCF, and other
sources, JCSU saw significant physical and intellectual development
between 1955 and 1968. In November 1955, the Henry Lawrence McCrory
Theological Hall was dedicated, providing a new home for the seminary
and its library, space for a small chapel, classrooms, and offices. In 1969,
the theology program was moved to Atlanta, GA, and became a part of
the Interdenominational Theological Center. Seven new buildings were
erected on the JCSU campus during this period as well: The Jack S.
Brayboy Gymnasium (1960), the Hardy Liston Residence Hall for women
(1962), the University Memorial Union (1965), the Duke Memorial Library
(1967), Myers Residence Hall for men, Sanders Residence Hall for women
(1967), and the Rufus P. Perry Science Building (1968). Since 1968, JCSU
has added several more buildings including the Johnson/Seabrook
Education Building, the Mary Irwin Belk Early Childhood Education Center
(1976), Greenfield Hall (1985), the Lionel H. Newsom Humanities Building
(1986), the Teaching and Learning Center (1988), the Robert L. Albright